Wild Plant Assessment for Heavy Metal Phytoremediation Potential along the Mafic and Ultramafic Terrain in Northern Pakistan

Table 3

EF and PLI of MTM in plant species of the study area (𝑛^a=126).

Plant species	Na		K		Ca		Mg		Fe		Mn		Cr		Ni		Co		Cu		Pb		Zn		Cd
	EF^b	BF^c	EF	BF	EF	BF	EF	BF	EF	BF	EF	BF	EF	BF	EF	BF	EF	BF	EF	BF	EF	BF	EF	BF	EF	BF
Athyrium schimperi	1.0	0.5	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.9	1.4	0.3	1.1	0.1	1.2	0.6	0.6	0.2	1.9	0.4	1.3	0.3	0.4	0.7	1.8	0.2	0.6	0.2	1.0	1.0
Berberis lycium	0.9	0.5	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.2	1.0	0.2	0.9	0.0	1.1	0.8	3.4	0.1	8.1	0.3	1.1	0.1	3.6	0.7	1.1	0.1	1.3	0.2	1.0	0.5
Cirsium vulgare	0.3	0.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.0	1.5	0.0	0.9	0.3	1.1	0.2	0.8	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.6	1.6	1.2	0.0	1.2	0.2	0.0	0.0
Daphne mucronata	1.0	0.4	0.6	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.8	0.1	0.7	0.1	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.8	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.8	0.9	1.1	0.9	2.0	0.4	0.5	0.5
Debregeasia salicifolia	0.7	0.4	0.3	1.4	0.7	1.1	1.3	0.1	3.6	0.1	1.5	2.5	0.5	0.1	2.1	0.4	0.7	0.7	0.4	0.6	1.1	0.4	0.9	0.3	1.0	0.5
Dodonaea viscosa	1.7	0.2	0.9	2.0	1.1	1.9	1.6	0.2	1.4	0.1	1.1	0.8	2.0	0.5	1.6	1.2	0.6	0.9	0.4	1.2	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.0
Fimbristylis dichotoma	1.8	0.3	1.0	2.0	1.1	0.3	0.9	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.2	1.6	0.3	1.1	0.3	0.6	0.8	1.2	0.3	0.9	0.3	1.0	0.5
Gymnosporia royleana	1.6	0.5	1.2	1.7	0.6	0.5	1.8	0.1	1.8	0.1	1.3	0.7	1.1	0.3	2.4	0.2	0.5	0.3	0.6	0.7	1.1	0.2	0.8	0.3	0.5	0.0
Heteropogon contortus	0.7	0.2	0.5	0.6	0.9	0.8	1.5	0.1	12.0	0.2	0.9	0.4	0.8	0.1	1.8	0.2	0.8	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.8	0.3	0.8	0.1	0.5	0.3
Indigofera gerardiana	1.0	0.3	1.6	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.5	0.1	2.9	0.2	1.4	0.7	1.2	0.2	1.4	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.2	1.0	0.5
Olea ferruginea	1.6	0.3	2.0	1.4	2.3	2.6	4.7	0.2	5.5	0.1	1.3	0.8	1.8	0.3	2.3	0.5	0.4	0.3	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.2	0.6	0.2	1.0	1.0
Plectranthus rugosus	1.7	0.4	1.5	1.7	1.3	1.5	1.0	0.2	0.3	0.0	0.6	0.8	0.4	0.1	1.7	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.6	0.8	0.2	0.2	0.2	1.0	0.3
Rubus fruticosus	0.9	1.0	0.5	2.0	0.8	1.0	1.4	0.1	2.0	0.1	0.8	2.1	2.4	0.3	2.1	0.4	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.5	1.1	0.2	0.8	0.2	1.0	0.5
Rumex hastatus	0.9	0.2	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.9	0.2	0.9	0.3	3.1	2.0	4.0	0.7	4.7	1.3	1.8	0.9	1.6	2.0	0.9	0.2	0.7	0.2	1.0	0.5
Selaginella jacquemontii	1.3	0.9	1.2	3.2	1.2	2.9	2.7	0.1	2.3	0.0	2.8	1.2	0.9	0.1	1.3	0.1	0.7	0.3	0.6	0.5	1.3	0.4	0.7	0.3	0.5	0.3
Sarcococca saligna	1.4	0.5	0.7	2.4	0.8	0.7	1.6	0.1	1.7	0.1	0.2	0.5	1.1	0.4	1.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.5	1.2	0.8	0.3	0.8	0.2	1.0	1.0

aEnrichment factor.
^bBioaccumulation factor.
^cNumber of plants samples.