End-Systolic Elastance and Ventricular-Arterial Coupling Reserve Predict Cardiac Events in Patients with Negative Stress Echocardiography

Table 3

Prognostic value of stress-induced variation in cardiovascular hemodynamics in patients with negative stress echocardiography.

	AUC	95% CI	𝑃 =	Cut point	Sensitivity	Specificity	Youden index
Exercise stress echo
E LVI reserve, mmHg · mL^−1 · m^−2	0.871	0.802–0.940	0.000	1.34	86%	83%	1.69
𝐸aI, reserve, mmHg · mL^−1 · m^−2	0.661	0.550–0.772	0.007	1	65%	66%	1.3
E LVI/𝐸aI reserve	0.704	0.624–0.785	0.000	0.39	57%	90%	1.46
Cardiac index reserve, L · min · m^−2	0.572	0.456–0.687	0.200	—	—	—	—
PVA reserve, mmHg · mL^−1 · m^−2	0.582	0.471–0.693	0.145	—	—	—	—
LV ejection fraction reserve %	0.589	0.480–0.696	0.084	—	—	—	—
SVR reserve, dyn · s^−1 · cm^−5	0.440	0.325–0.555	0.307	—	—	—	—
Dipyridamole stress echo
E LVI reserve, mmHg · mL^−1 · m^−2	0.648	0.597–0.698	0.000	0.46	54%	90%	1.44
𝐸aI, reserve mmHg · mL^−1 · m^−2	0.547	0.465–0.629	0.213	—	—	—	—
E LVI/𝐸aI reserve	0.696	0.645–0.748	0.000	0.26	60%	82%	1.42
Cardiac index reserve, (L · min · m^−2)	0.663	0.592–0.734	0.000	0.657	58%	75%	1.33
PVA reserve, mmHg · mL^−1 · m^−2	0.516	0.439–0.593	0.677	—	—	—	—
LV ejection fraction reserve (%)	0.606	0.545–0.667	0.003	9%	41%	85%	1.26
SVR reserve, (dyn · s^−1 · cm^−5)	0.452	0.367–0.537	0.204	—	—	—	—
Dobutamine stress echo
E LVI reserve mmHg · mL^−1 · m^−2	0.848	0.789–0.906	0.000	0.56	80%	73%	1.53
𝐸aI, reserve mmHg · mL^−1 · m^−2	0.688	0.605–0.770	0.000	0.56	46%	86%	1.32
E LVI/𝐸aI reserve	0.729	0.648–0.811	0.000	0.22	74	62	1.36
Cardiac index reserve, (L · min · m^−2)	0.594	0.497–0.692	0.062	—	—	—	—
PVA reserve, mmHg · mL^−1 · m^−2	0.496	0.386–0.607	0.984	—	—	—	—
LV ejection fraction reserve (%)	0.589	0.488–0.691	0.080	—	—	—	—
SVR Reserve, (dyn · s^−1 · cm^−5)	0.416	0.308–0.525	0.107	—	—	—	—

E _LVI/𝐸_aI: ventricular-arterial coupling ratio; 𝐸_aI: effective arterial elastance; E _LVI: left ventricular end-systolic elastance; PVA: pressure-volume area; and SVR: systemic vascular resistance.