Ocular Dominance and Visual Function Testing

Table 2

Summary of relative frequencies of ocular dominance obtained by different authors with different methods.

Author (year)	Method used	𝑛	Mean/range of age	Right dominance (%)	Left dominance (%)	Uncertain (%)
Porac and Coren; (1976) [1]	Hole-in-card test	—	—	65	33	2
Newman et al.; (1985) [19]	Hole-in-card test	298	7–11	65.6	34.4	—
Rombouts et al.; (1996) [6]	fMRI	26	23.3 ± 3.5	53.8	30.8	15.4
Pointer; (2001) [12]	Hole-in-card test	200	13.1 ± 2.4	69.5	30.5	—
		200	45.1 ± 13.8	76	24	—
Cheng et al.; (2004) [20]	Hole-in-card test	50	30.3 ± 9.5	63.6	36.4	—
	Convergence near-point test			43.6	32.7	23.6
Handa et al.; (2004) [21]	Hole-in-card test	20	60	75	25	—
Ehrenstein et al.; (2005) [22]	Hole-in-card test	103	24.1 ± 4.5	68	32	—
Shneor and Hochstein; (2006) [5]	Hole-in-card test	21	19–57	61.9	39.1	—
Chia et al.; (2007) [23]	Hole-in-card test	543	12–13	58	30	12
Seijas et al.; (2007) [24]	Hole-in-card test	26	26 ± 2	50	50	—
		25	43.7 ± 5.9	60	40	—
	Finger pointing			46.2	30.8	23
				40	48	12
	Kaleidoscope			69.2	30.8	—
				60	40	—
	Convergence near-point test			33.3	37.5	29.2
				36	24	40
	Distance stereo			7.7	15.4	76.9
				4	4	92
	Haidinger test			38.5	23	38.5
				24	16	60
Rice et al.; (2008) [25]	Hole-in-card test	46	42.5/(18–78)	60.9	39.1	—
	Convergence near-point test			37.0	41.3	21.7
Mean values				50.7	31.5	17.8