Age-Related Differences in the Effect of Psychological Distress on Mortality: Type D Personality in Younger versus Older Patients with Cardiac Arrhythmias

Table 2

Independent predictors of death from all causes in ICD patients aged ≤70.*

	HR (95% CI)	P value
Predictor variables
Type D personality	1.91 (1.09–3.34)	0.024
Age (years)	1.06 (1.02–1.10)	0.008
CRT	1.78 (0.99–3.27)	0.056
Appropriate shocks	3.50 (1.79–6.82)	0.0001
ACE-inhibitors	0.51 (0.30–0.87)	0.014
Smoking	1.85 (1.01–3.40)	0.049

∗Values were calculated with the use of multivariable Cox regression analysis, including the nonsignificant covariates (gender, inappropriate shocks, left ventricular ejection fraction, secondary indication, coronary artery disease, beta-blockers, diabetes, and partner status).
CI: confidence interval; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; HR: hazard ratio.