Review Article

Therapeutic Approach in the Improvement of Endothelial Dysfunction: The Current State of the Art

Table 1

The main findings connected to the improvement of endothelial dysfunction from the reviewed clinical studies.

Pathological conditionDrugMain effectsCorresponding reference

Chronic heart failureRosuvastatinOxidized LDL   
Lipid peroxidation    
Stem and progenitor cells   
FMD
Erbs et al. [20]

Acute coronary syndromePerindoprilApoptosis   
CD34+ mobilization   
VEGF   
TNF-α   
Bradykinin
Cangiano et al. [21]

Cardiac syndrome XNebivololFMD   
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein   
von Willebrand factor   
Fibrinogen
Kayaalti et al. [22]

Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophyCarvedilolFMD   
Endothelin-1   
Nitric oxide
Xiaozhen et al. [23]

Coronary artery disease and impaired glucose tolerancePioglitazoneFMD   
TNF-α   
Triglycerides   
HMW adiponectin
Rizza et al. [24]

Hypertension and impaired glucose toleranceTelmisartanFMD   
Insulin resistance   
Glucose tolerance
Perl et al. [25]

Type 2 diabetesGliclazideFMD   
Endothelial progenitor cells
Chen et al. [26]

ObesityPitavastatinFMD    
Triglycerides
Nagashima and Endo [27]

Peripheral artery diseaseTelmisartanMaximum walking distance   
FMD
Zankl et al. [28]

Behçet’s diseaseAtorvastatin LisinoprilFMD Inanc et al. [29]

Polycystic ovary syndromeSpironolactoneFMD Bajuk Studen et al. [30]

Subclinical hypothyroidismL-thyroxinFMD   
FT4   
TSH   
Total cholesterol
Alibaz Oner et al. [31]

Ankylosing spondylitisInfliximabFMD   
Serum nitrite   
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate   
C-reactive protein
Syngle et al. [32]

Chronic hemodialysisSimvastatinFMD   
Oxidized LDL   
VCAM-1   
8-epi-PG F2   
Nitric oxide bioavailability
Kishimoto et al. [33]

FMD: flow-mediated dilatation; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; TNF- : tumor necrosis factor- ; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone; VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.