Review Article
Therapeutic Approach in the Improvement of Endothelial Dysfunction: The Current State of the Art
Table 1
The main findings connected to the improvement of endothelial dysfunction from the reviewed clinical studies.
| Pathological condition | Drug | Main effects | Corresponding reference |
| Chronic heart failure | Rosuvastatin | Oxidized LDL Lipid peroxidation Stem and progenitor cells FMD | Erbs et al. [20] |
| Acute coronary syndrome | Perindopril | Apoptosis CD34+ mobilization VEGF TNF-α Bradykinin | Cangiano et al. [21] |
| Cardiac syndrome X | Nebivolol | FMD High-sensitivity C-reactive protein von Willebrand factor Fibrinogen | Kayaalti et al. [22] |
| Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy | Carvedilol | FMD Endothelin-1 Nitric oxide | Xiaozhen et al. [23] |
| Coronary artery disease and impaired glucose tolerance | Pioglitazone | FMD TNF-α Triglycerides HMW adiponectin | Rizza et al. [24] |
| Hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance | Telmisartan | FMD Insulin resistance Glucose tolerance | Perl et al. [25] |
| Type 2 diabetes | Gliclazide | FMD Endothelial progenitor cells | Chen et al. [26] |
| Obesity | Pitavastatin | FMD Triglycerides | Nagashima and Endo [27] |
| Peripheral artery disease | Telmisartan | Maximum walking distance FMD | Zankl et al. [28] |
| Behçet’s disease | Atorvastatin Lisinopril | FMD | Inanc et al. [29] |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | Spironolactone | FMD |
Bajuk Studen et al. [30] |
| Subclinical hypothyroidism | L-thyroxin | FMD FT4 TSH Total cholesterol | Alibaz Oner et al. [31] |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | Infliximab | FMD Serum nitrite Erythrocyte sedimentation rate C-reactive protein | Syngle et al. [32] |
| Chronic hemodialysis | Simvastatin | FMD Oxidized LDL VCAM-1 8-epi-PG F2 Nitric oxide bioavailability | Kishimoto et al. [33] |
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FMD: flow-mediated dilatation; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; TNF-: tumor necrosis factor-; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone; VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
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