Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Combined with Exercises versus an Exercise Program on the Pain and the Function in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of subjects.

Characteristics	NMES + Ex	Ex
𝑁	50	50
Age*	60.60±6.72	61.50±6.94
Female^†	46	40
Male^†	4	10
Treated leg^†
Right	40	40
Left	34	34
Both sides	26	26
BMI*	30.08±3.80	29.72±4.11
KL grade^†
2	95.35	92.68
3	2.33	4.88
4	2.33	2.44
NRS (0–10)*	7.06±1.95	7.42±2.01
TUG Test (seconds)*	8.27±1.76	9.34±2.47
WOMAC pain score*	8.72±4.20	10.32±3.54
WOMAC stiffness score*	3.64±2.15	3.66±2.64
WOMAC function score*	28.54±13.96	35.15±11.88

Note. *Data are presented as mean ± SD. ^†Data are presented as %. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index, KL: Kellgren and Lawrence; NRS: Numerical Rating Scale; TUG: Timed Up and Go; WOMAC: Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities. NMES + Ex: NMES combined with exercise, Ex: Exercise, NRS: Numerical Rating Scale; TUG: Timed Up and Go Test, WOMAC: Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.