Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Combined with Exercises versus an Exercise Program on the Pain and the Function in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 2
Changes within and between groups (ITT analysis).
Outcomes
NMES + Ex
Ex
Difference between means (95% CI), effect size
value between groups
At 8 weeks
Change (95% CI)
At 8 weeks
Change (95% CI)
NRS (0–10)*
−2.70 (−3.56 to −1.84)†
−3.17 (−4.23 to −2.10)†
0.42 (−0.87 to 1.72), 0.15
0.52
TUG*
−1.36 (−1.84 to −0.87)†
−2.00 (−2.54 to −1.46)†
0.56 (−0.15 to 1.27), 0.39
0.12
WOMAC pain*
−2.97 (−4.22 to −1.72)†
−3.87 (−5.02 to −2.72)†
0.92 (−0.71 to 2.55), 0.23
0.26
WOMAC stiffness*
−1.34 (−1.9 to −0.74)†
−1.51 (−2.36 to −0.65)‡
0.25 (−0.78 to 1.29), 0.10
0.63
WOMAC function*
−8.02 (−11.34 to −4.69)†
−10.95 (−14.84 to −7.05)†
3.14 (−2.02 to 8.29), 0.26
0.23
Abbreviation: *data are presented as mean ± SD. ITT: intention to treat; CI: confidence interval; NMES + Ex: NMES combined with exercise, Ex: exercise; NRS: Numerical Rating Scale; TUG: Timed Up and Go Test; WOMAC: Western Ontario McMaster Universities; denotes a statistical significant difference, .