Effect of Cyclic Precalcification of Nanotubular TiO₂ Layer on the Bioactivity of Titanium Implant

Figure 3

SEM images of implant surfaces of screw-type implants. (a) Machine turned (×2 K), (b) RBM treated (×2 K), (c) anodized after RBM treatment (×5 K), (d) magnification of point A (×100 K), (e) laterally fractured after anodic oxidation treatment (×100 K), and (f) nanotubes cut laterally.

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(b)

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(f)