Upper/lower limb strength and flexibility related to function
Seated ROM and progressive resistance, 1 hour three times per week; 6 months
Mean attendance/adherence 80%
Timed Up and Go Berg Balance Scale Physical Performance Test (PPT) Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Positive intervention effect for all outcomes as below: TUG—18 seconds faster, effect size = 0.54 Berg Balance—4.8 better, effect size = 0.32 PPT—1.3 better, effect size = 0.40 MMSE—3.1 better, effect size = 0.54 NB: Effect sizes are the difference between intervention and control in standard deviation units
Progressive lower body resistance exercises; ≤1 hour three times per week; 10 weeks
Mean attendance/adherence 71%
Eight foot up and go 30 second chair stand 6 meter walk 30 second chair stand Eccentric/concentric average power
Significant improvement in eight foot up and go speed () Significant improvement in 30 second chair stand () Negative correlation between eight foot up and go and concentric power ()
Music supported chair movement exercise (30 minutes daily) for 3 months (resistance not included)
Mean attendance/adherencenot reported
Mini-Mental State Examination Beoordelingsschaal voor Oudere Patienten (BOP)
Improvement in MMSE in exercise group before and after intervention (mean 12.87 versus 15.53, effect size = 0.5, ) No significant differences in behaviour (no items in the BOP scale identified significant improvement in exercise group)
Lower limb strength and function in presence of dementia
Moderate intensity progressive resistance training of hip extensors, flexors, and dorsiflexors with Theraband for up to 3 days per week for six weeks
Mean attendance/adherence 63%
Bilateral muscle testing Walking speed Sit-stand x5 Standing balance Timed Up and Go (TUG) Body Mass Index Mini-Mental State Examination Gait Assessment Rating Scale
Of participants who exercise at least twice a week the following was noted: 22% improvement in sit-stand time 14% improvement in TUG 10.1% improvement in average grip strength 15.6% in average quadriceps strength 9.9% in usual gait time 5.4% in fast gait time
Quasi experimental, nonrandomised control group before and after test
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Multidisciplinary team geriatric hospital (South Africa)
After-hip-fracture rehabilitation
Seated “High paced” “choreographed” “complex movements.” 60% max heart rate for 20 minutes
Mean attendance/adherence 92%
Falls Efficacy Scale Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Mini Mental State Examination
Increased levels of grip, mood and confidence before and after in both exercise and control group. Between group (control and exercise) differences nonsignificant: Grip Strength, FES Confidence, FES Fear, BDI, Improved systolic blood pressure and heart rate () over exercise and recovery period
Exercise capacity, function, and health status in presence of chronic heart failure
3 month supervised resistance exercise classes (unclear type of resistance) twice per week followed by home exercises with the aid of video/audio cassette (no face to face). Control was standard care
Mean attendance/adherence 83%
Six-minute walk Accelerometry Guyatt (chronic heart failure questionnaire) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale
Nonsignificant improvement in mental health (HADS, ) Nonsignificant improvement in walking distance (6-minute walk, )