Time Course of Improvement of Metabolic Parameters after a 12 Week Physical Exercise Programme in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The Influence of Gender in a Nigerian Population

Table 1

Descriptive characteristics including medications of the participants by gender.

Variable	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum	95% CI
Age (years)
Male (𝑛=8)	46.2 ± 3.7	32.0	56.0	39.0–47.0
Female (𝑛=21)	51.5 ± 6.4	28.0	67.0	41.0–55.0
Length of diagnosis; of diabetes (years)
Male (𝑛=8)	4.9 ± 1.6	0.5	8.0	2.0–5.0
Female (𝑛=21)	7.7 ± 2.0	0.8	11.0	1.2–7.8
	*Medications
	Number of medications at baseline	Medications at baseline
Diabetes medications
3 males, 5 Females	3	Metformin, glimepiride, insulin
5 males, 11 Females	2	Metformin, glimepiride,
5 Females	3	Metformin, glyburide, insulin
Lipid medications
14 females	2	Atorvastatin, fenofibrate
5 males, 4 females	1	Atorvastatin
3 males, 3 females	1	Fenofibrate
Blood pressure medications
6 males, 9 females	2	Amlodipine, valsartan
2 males, 5 females	2	Lisinopril, bendrofluazide
7 females	2	Hydrochlorothiazide losartan
	Known complications
	Number of complications	Types of complications
3 males, 5 females	3	Nephropathy, PN, PAD
4 males, 12 females	1	PN
4 females	4	IHD, PN, nephropathy, PAD

Key: IHD: ischaemic heart disease; PN: peripheral neuropathy; PAD: peripheral arterial disease.
*Types of medications were in various combinations based on the physician’s assessment of the need of individual patient and in response to the exercise programme; downward adjustments were made in combinations or dosages as deemed necessary by the physician. There was no upward review of dosage or combinations throughout the study period.