The Exploding Spark: Workplace Violence in an Infectious Disease Hospital—A Longitudinal Study

Table 3

Association of workplace violence with occupational stress measured in 2005. Logistic regression analysis, Odds ratios (ORs), and 95% CIs (unadjusted and adjusted for age, gender, job, and department) and Nagelkerke 𝑅² (explained variance) of significant associations.

Variable	Demand^1	Control^2	Support^2	Job strain^1
Physical aggression (𝑁=39)
Un.	2.39 (1.19–4.81)*; 𝑅^2=0.14	1.44 (0.70–2.94)	2.10 (1.03–4.30)*; 𝑅^2=0.01	4.29 (1.94–9.49)***; 𝑅^2=0.03
Ad.	2.11 (1.12–4.38)*; 𝑅^2=0.10	1.95 (0.93–4.09)	1.95 (0.94–4.06)	4.94 (2.18–11.18)***; 𝑅^2=0.12
Nonphysical aggression (𝑁=87)
Un.	4.69 (2.71–8.09)***; 𝑅^2=0.08	2.02 (1.19–3.43)**; 𝑅^2=0.02	3.04 (1.80–5.16)***; 𝑅^2=0.04	5.59 (3.17–9.87)***; 𝑅^2=0.09
Ad.	4.24 (2.40–7.49)***; 𝑅^2=0.15	2.78 (1.59–4.87)***; 𝑅^2=0.08	2.87 (1.66–4.94)***; 𝑅^2=0.06	6.61 (3.64–12.0)***; 𝑅^2=0.18
	Effort^1	Reward^2	Overcommitment^1	E/R imbalance^1
Physical aggression (𝑁=39)
Un.	2.78 (1.38–5.59)**; 𝑅^2=0.02	2.46 (1.18–5.14)*; 𝑅^2=0.01	2.03 (1.06–3.91)*; 𝑅^2=0.01	4.35 (1.97–9.62)***; 𝑅^2=0.03
Ad.	2.69 (1.31–5.55)**; 𝑅^2=0.07	2.44 (1.15–5.18)*; 𝑅^2=0.02	2.00 (1.02–3.90)*; 𝑅^2=0.02	4.33 (1.92–9.74)***; 𝑅^2=0.07
Nonphysical aggression (𝑁=87)
Un.	3.39 (2.07–5.57)***; 𝑅^2=0.05	2.70 (1.62–4.51)***; 𝑅^2=0.03	1.68 (1.06–2.65)*; 𝑅^2=0.01	4.16 (2.45–7.04)***; 𝑅^2=0.07
Ad.	3.28 (1.95–5.51)***; 𝑅^2=0.10	2.79 (1.64–4.75)***; 𝑅^2=0.04	1.62 (1.01–2.61)*; 𝑅^2=0.02	4.14 (2.39–7.15)***; 𝑅^2=0.10
	Anxiety^1	Depression^1
Physical aggression (𝑁=39)
Un.	3.85 (1.80–8.24)***; 𝑅^2=0.03	3.39 (1.62–7.09)***; 𝑅^2=0.03
Ad.	5.00 (2.27–11.0)***; 𝑅^2=0.08	4.04 (1.89–8.62)***; 𝑅^2=0.06
Nonphysical aggression (𝑁=87)
Un.	2.14 (1.34–4.33)***; 𝑅^2=0.02	2.32 (1.45–3.73)***; 𝑅^2=0.03
Ad.	2.61 (1.60–4.30)***; 𝑅^2=0.07	2.66 (1.61–4.39)***; 𝑅^2=0.06

1Higher than median value; ²lower than median value.
* 𝑃<0.05; **𝑃<0.01; ***𝑃<0.001.