Phosphocitrate Is Potentially a Disease-Modifying Drug for Noncrystal-Associated Osteoarthritis

Table 1

Differentially expressed genes in PC-treated hTERT-OA 13A FLS compared with the untreated cells.

Biological process	Gene; name	Gene ID	Differ.; expre.; (fold)*	Description
Cell proliferation	BLM	NM_000057	−3.64	Bloom syndrome
	CCNE2	AF112857	−3.74	Cyclin E2
	CCNE1	AI671049	−2.30	Cyclin E1
	CDC25A	AY137580	−3.63	Cell division cycle 25 homolog A (S. pombe)
	CDC25C	NM_001790	−2.31	Cell division cycle 25 homolog C (S. pombe)
	CDC2	AA749427	−3.13	Cell division cycle 2, G1 to S and G2 to M
	CDC6	NM_001254	−2.36	Cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae)
	CDC7	NM_003503	−2.12	Cell division cycle 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae)
	CDCA5	BE614410	−2.41	Cell division cycle associated 5
	CDCA8	BC001651	−2.11	Cell division cycle associated 8
	CDK2	AB012305	−2.74	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
	NCAPH	D38553	−2.64	Non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit H
	HELLS	NM_018063	−2.49	Helicase, lymphoid specific
	AURKB	AB011446	−2.43	Aurora kinase B
	KIF23	AW192521	−2.41	Kinesin family member 23
	CLASP2	BC029035	−2.40	Cytoplasmic linker-associated protein 2
	NUF2	AF326731	−2.35	NUF2, NDC80 kinetochore complex component, homolog
	DSN1	NM_024918	−2.35	DSN1, MIND kinetochore complex component, homolog
	SPC24	AI469788	−2.32	SPC24, NDC80 kinetochore complex component, homolog
	SPC25	AF225416	−2.10	SPC25, NDC80 kinetochore complex component, homolog
	HMGA2	AI990940	−2.30	High mobility group AT-hook 2
	LIG1	NM_000234	−2.25	Ligase I, DNA, ATP-dependent
	KIFC1	BC000712	−2.21	Kinesin family member C1
	BRCA2	X95152	−2.18	Breast cancer 2, early onset
	ERCC6L	NM_017669	−2.17	Excision repair cross-complement repair deficiency, comp. group 6 like
	SPAG5	NM_006461	−2.16	Sperm-associated antigen 5
	NEK2	Z25425	−2.14	Never-in-mitosis-gene-A- (NIMA) related kinase 2
	NCAPG	NM_022346	−2.12	Non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit G
	ZWINT	NM_007057	−2.01	ZW10 interactor antisense
	PARD3B	AF428251	3.24	Par-3 partitioning defective 3 homolog B (C. elegans)
	11-Sep	AI333326	2.28	Septin 11
Angiogenesis	NRP1	AF280547	−2.69	Neuropilin 1
	TEK	BF594294	−2.58	TEK tyrosine kinase, endothelial
	ELK3	NM_005230	−2.42	ELK3, ETS-domain protein (SRF accessory protein 2)
	EREG	NM_001432	−1.90	Epiregulin
	PML	AW291023	−1.89	Promyelocytic leukemia
	COL15A1	NM_001855	−1.80	Collagen, type XV, alpha-1
	NRP2	AI819729	−1.75	Neuropilin 2
	SPHK1	NM_021972	−1.72	Sphingosine kinase 1
	FOXC2	NM_005251	−1.68	Forkhead box C2, mesenchyme forkhead 1 (MFH-1)
	SCG2	NM_003469	−1.66	Secretogranin II (chromogranin C)
	EDNRA	NM_001957	−1.56	Endothelin receptor type A
	TGFBR2	NM_003242	−1.51	Transforming growth factor, beta-receptor II (70/80kDa)
	ROBO4	AA156022	−1.51	Roundabout homolog 4, magic roundabout (Drosophila)
	JAG1	AI457817	2.42	Jagged 1 (Alagille syndrome)
	NOTCH4	AI341271	1.75	Notch homolog 4 (Drosophila)
	RUNX1	D89788	1.73	Runt-related transcription factor 1
	EPAS1	NM_001430	1.67	Endothelial PAS domain protein 1
Inflammatory response	PTGS2	AY151286	−6.09	Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
	SERPINA1	AF119873	−2.15	Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A
	GPR68	AI805006	−2.15	G protein-coupled receptor 68
	BMPR1B	AA935461	−2.12	Bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IB
	EVI1	BE466525	−2.00	Ecotropic viral integration site 1
	FOS	BC004490	−1.92	V-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog
	IRAK2	AI246590	−1.82	Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2
	CCL2	S69738	−1.82	Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
	CCR1	NM_001295	−1.60	Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1
	CXCL2	M57731	−1.66	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2
	SPN	BC035510	−1.79	Sialophorin (leukosialin, CD43)
	TLR4	AF177765	−1.70	Toll-like receptor 4
	SCG2	NM_003469	−1.66	Secretogranin II (chromogranin C)
	FN1	AJ276395	−1.58	Fibronectin 1
	KLKB1	BE326857	−1.52	Cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily V, polypeptide 2
	NDST1	NM_001543	2.05	N-Deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparan glucosaminyl) 1
	C3	NM_000064	2.05	Complement component 3
	SERPINA3	NM_001085	1.88	Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A
	SBNO2	AC005390	1.78	Strawberry notch homolog 2 (Drosophila)
	NFKBIZ	BE646573	1.74	Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide enhancer in B-cells inhibitor zeta
	MASP1	NM_001879	1.64	Mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 1
	STAT5B	NM_012448	1.59	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B
Response to pain	TACR1	AA461490	−4.39	Tachykinin receptor 1
	COMT	BG149428	−2.03	Catechol-O-methyltransferase
	CACNA1A	BC042451	−2.00	Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha-1A subunit
Response to interleukin-1	SRC	NM_005417	−3.95	V-src sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (avian)
	IRAK2	AI246590	−1.82	Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2
	PCSK1	NM_000439	−1.60	Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1
	IL1R1	AK026803	−1.59	Interleukin-1 receptor, type I
	GHR	NM_000163	1.76	Growth hormone receptor
Cytokine- and chemokine- mediated	EREG	NM_001432	−1.90	Epiregulin
	CCL2	S69738	−1.82	Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
	LIFR	NM_002310	−1.77	Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor-alpha
	RQCD1	BC007102	−1.76	RCD1 required for cell differentiation1 homolog (S. pombe)
	LRP8	NM_004631	−1.73	Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8, apolipoprotein e receptor
	CCR1	NM_001295	−1.60	Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1
	IL1RI	AK026803	−1.59	Interleukin-1 receptor, type I
	STAT3	BF508977	2.01	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
	STAT5B	NM_012448	1.59	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B
Interleukin-6 production	BCL10	AA994334	−2.38	B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10
	TNFAIP3	AI738896	−2.07	Tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 3
	FOXP3	NM_014009	−1.92	Forkhead box P3
	EREG	NM_001432	−1.90	Epiregulin
	TOLR4	AF177765	−1.70	Toll-like receptor 4
	ADORA2B	NM_000676	−1.59	Adenosine A2b receptor
	IL6R	NM_000565	2.03	Interleukin-6 receptor
Miscellaneous	PLAU	K03226	−2.21	Plasminogen activator, urokinase
	PLAUR	U08839	−1.92	Plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor
	PLA2G4A	M68874	−1.51	Phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium dependent)
	PTGER4	AA897516	−1.91	Prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4)
	EGR1	AI459194	−2.25	Early growth response 1
	FOS	BC004490	−1.92	V-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog
	FOSL1	BG251266	−1.95	FOS-like antigen 1
	THBS1	BF084105	2.41	Thrombospondin 1

∗Negative number indicates decreased expression (fold) in PC-treated hTERT-OA 13A FLS compared with the untreated cells. Positive number indicates elevated expression (fold) in PC-treated hTERT-OA 13A FLS compared with the untreated cells.