Effects of Flavonoids on Rumen Fermentation Activity, Methane Production, and Microbial Population

Table 2

Effects of flavonoids on dry matter degradability, total gas, methane and gas production parameters.

Items	Treatments								SEM
	Ctrl	F	M	N	C	R	Q	K
Dry matter degradability (%)	87.9^a	81.3^b	82.1^b	86.1^a	82.0^b	81.5^b	85.6^a	83.2^b	1.2
Total gas (mL/24 h)	36.1^c	28.1^d	30.6^d	47.8^a	36.9^c	40.9^b	43.0^b	34.8^c	0.94
CH4 (mL/g DM)	8.6^a	5.7^cd	4.9^d	6.3^c	7.9^ab	7.2^b	6.2^c	5.3^d	0.29
(𝑎+𝑏) (mL)	41.1^c	32.4^d	34.2^d	56.7^a	43.7^c	48.7^b	55.4^a	40.3^c	1.63
𝑐 (h^−1)	0.08^ab	0.09^a	0.09^a	0.05^b	0.09^a	0.06^b	0.06^b	0.09^a	0.007

Ctrl: control F: flavone, M: myricetin, N: naringin, C: catechin, R: rutin, Q: quercetin, and K: kaempferol.
𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, and 𝑎+𝑏 are calculated from the exponential equation 𝑝=𝑎+𝑏(1−𝑒^𝑐𝑡).
(𝑎+𝑏) = potential extent of gas production, 𝑐 = gas production rate constant for the insoluble fraction (𝑏).
Means within the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (𝑃<0.05).