Is the Blood Pressure Paradox Observed in All Heart Failure Patients?

Table 3

Final multivariate Cox-regression model for the effect of SBP below 115 mmHg on 6-month HF death after an acute HF episode, according to DM.

	Non-diabetics HR (95% CI)	p value	Diabetics HR (95% CI)	p value
SBP < 115 mmHg	2.94 (1.49–5.79)	0.002	1.11 (0.52–2.37)	0.80
Arterial hypertension history	0.71 (0.35–1.43)	0.34	0.53 (0.24–1.17)	0.12
Atrial fibrillation history	2.74 (1.32–5.69)	0.007	1.50 (0.74–3.04)	0.26
BNP (per 100 pg/mL)	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	0.001	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	0.001
Anaemia	1.93 (0.87–4.31)	0.11	2.04 (0.89–4.67)	0.09
Total cholesterol <125 mg/dL	1.22 (0.57–2.59)	0.61	1.51 (0.76–3.01)	0.24
Beta-blocker	0.86 (0.42–1.78)	0.69	0.39 (0.20–0.78)	0.007
ACEi and/or ARB	0.52 (0.26–1.06)	0.07	0.40 (0.20–0.81)	0.01

ACEi: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor 1 blocker; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure.