Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients Recovering Recent Open Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Randomized-Controlled Trial
Table 2
Study outcomes evaluated as change from the baseline.
Baseline
Change from baseline at day 8
Change from baseline at day 14
Variables
Active group ()
Control group ()
Active group ()
Control group ()
Active group ()
Control group ()
FEV1, litres
1.9 ± 0.5
1.6 ± 0.6
0.0 ± 0.3 (0)
0.0 ± 0.2 (0)
0.1 ± 0.3 (5)*
0.1 ± 0.2 (6)*
% predicted
69.8 ± 18.4
64.7 ± 15.0
3.6 ± 10.2 (5)
2.6 ± 8.5 (4)
6.5 ± 10.1 (9)*
6.0 ± 10.6 (9)*
FVC, litres
2.4 ± 0.7
2.1 ± 0.9
0.1 ± 0.5 (4)
0.0 ± 0.3 (0)
0.2 ± 0.6 (8)*
0.2 ± 0.4 (10)*
% predicted
69.7 ± 15.0
66.3 ± 15.3
4.9 ± 11.2 (7)*
4.5 ± 11.8 (7)
8.8 ± 13.0 (13)**
8.3 ± 12.6 (13)*
VC, litres
2.5 ± 0.5
2.3 ± 0.7
0.1 ± 0.3 (4)*
0.0 ± 0.4 (0)
0.2 ± 0.2 (8)**
0.3 ± 0.4 (13)*
% predicted
68.3 ± 11.7
62.6 ± 13.6
3.7 ± 7.1 (5)*
3.6 ± 11.4 (6)
4.3 ± 5.1 (6)**
6.6 ± 12.3 (11)*
IC, litres
2.8 ± 3.8
1.8 ± 0.7
−0.6 ± 3.8 (−21)
0.1 ± 0.6 (6)
−0.5 ± 3.8 (−18)
0.2 ± 0.7 (11)
% predicted
74.4 ± 16.0
70.1 ± 14.7
3.4 ± 12.3 (5)
3.1 ± 13.2 (4)
5.1 ± 11.7 (7)*
6.5 ± 17.0 (9)
TLC, litres
5.4 ± 1.0
4.9 ± 1.2
0.2 ± 0.6 (4)
0.2 ± 0.9 (4)
0.1 ± 0.8 (2)
0.4 ± 1.0 (8)
% predicted
86.6 ± 13.1
84.6 ± 15.5
3.2 ± 10.3 (4)
3.5 ± 10.7 (4)
6.9 ± 13.5 (8)*
4.1 ± 15.9 (5)
RV, litres
2.7 ± 0.9
2.2 ± 1.1
−0.1 ± 1.0 (−4)
0.1 ± 0.8 (5)
−0.0 ± 0.9 (0)
0.3 ± 1.0 (14)
% predicted
113.4 ± 37.2
97.5 ± 44.0
−7.1 ± 39.5 (−6)
6.3 ± 37.0 (6)
1.1 ± 29.8 (1)
15.7 ± 35.5 (16)*
MIP, mmHg
59.9 ± 28.9
53.4 ± 21.3
8.1 ± 13.9 (14)*
7.5 ± 15.3 (14)*
13.3 ± 23.1 (22)*
13.4 ± 18.6 (25)*
% predicted
60.5 ± 28.4
56.0 ± 20.5
9.5 ± 17.6 (16)*
5.6 ± 16.3 (10)
13.5 ± 22.5 (22)*
13.0 ± 16.5 (23)*
MEP, mmHg
83.5 ± 23.7
76.8 ± 30.8
15.1 ± 16.1 (18)**
8.7 ± 17.5 (11)*
34.2 ± 24.9 (41)**
10.8 ± 18.3 (14)*
% predicted
46.0 ± 14.6
43.5 ± 16.5
7.6 ± 10.7 (17)**
3.3 ± 15.5 (8)
26.1 ± 32.4 (57)**
7.4 ± 19.9 (17)
PaO2/FiO2, %
343.3 ± 47.8
337.6 ± 51.5
—
—
22.9 ± 34.6 (7)*
32.4 ± 52.6 (10)*
PaCO2, mmHg
34.2 ± 4.8
35.5 ± 5.2
—
—
0.8 ± 3.8 (2)
−0.7 ± 4.4 (−2)
Distance walked at 6 MWT, meters
308.9 ± 86.7
295.3 ± 108.4
—
—
125.6 ± 76.1 (41)**
108.0 ± 74.7 (37)**
MRC, score
2.1 ± 0.5
2.0 ± 0.5
—
—
−1.0 ± 0.8 (−48)**
−0.8 ± 0.3 (−40)**
SF36FI, score
32.7 ± 6.6
33.5 ± 8.1
—
—
3.2 ± 6.4 (10)*
4.5 ± 8.9 (13)*
SF36ME, score
41.0 ± 11.0
41.5 ± 10.7
—
—
3.9 ± 5.8 (10)*
3.2 ± 10.5 (8)
Variables described as mean ± SD. In parenthesis percentage of change from baseline. No significant differences between active and control groups are reported in all baseline variables considered. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC: forced vital capacity; VC: vital capacity; IC: inspiratory capacity; TLC: total lung capacity; RV: residual volume; MIP: maximal inspiratory pressure; MEP: maximal expiratory pressure; PaO2/FiO2: arterial oxygen pressure on inspiratory oxygen fraction, ratio; PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide pressure; 6 MWT: 6 min walking test; MRC: medical research council; SF36 PC and MC: short form 36 health survey questionnaire, physical and mental component, respectively.
*
; **.
