PDZ Domains and Viral Infection: Versatile Potentials of HPV-PDZ Interactions in relation to Malignancy

Figure 3

Multifunctional phosphorylated PDZ proteins integrate signaling pathways to control hyperplasia, neoplasia, and cell metastasis. Modified forms of PDZ proteins are potential molecular markers predicting the aggressiveness of malignancy. Candidates include Dlg phosphorylated by PKA, JNK, CDK1, or CDK2; Scrib interaction with ERK; Scrib recruitment of PP1gamma for downregulation of the MAPK pathway. No studies that could offer an explanation of the phosphorylation of MAGI-1 and PTEN by MAPK are currently available.