Adhesion, Growth, and Maturation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells on Low-Density Polyethylene Grafted with Bioactive Substances

Table 2

Surface free energy (SFE, in mJ·m⁻²) of pristine LDPE, plasma-treated LDPE (plasma), LDPE treated with plasma and then grafted with glycine (Gly), polyethylene glycol (PEG), bovine serum albumin (BSA), colloidal carbon particles (C), or with a combination of BSA and C (BSA+C). 𝛾_total is the total SFE of the polymer and consists of nonpolar (𝛾_LW) and polar components (𝛾_AB).

	𝛾total	𝛾LW	𝛾AB
Pristine	24.54	23.16	1.37
Plasma	28.56	25.01	3.55
Gly	36.20	31.89	4.31
PEG	34.91	5.01	29.90
BSA	26.56	20.28	6.28
C	26.59	19.22	7.37
BSA+C	25.58	12.86	12.72

The values are the mean of 10 to 15 measurements for each experimental group and were calculated automatically by the Surface Energy Evaluating System (SEE System, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Rep.).