Cadmium-Induced Upregulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Reactive Oxygen Species Caused Physiological, Biochemical, and Ultrastructural Changes in Upland Cotton Seedlings

Table 4

Effect of Cd stress on MDA (ηM/mg protein) and ROS (H₂O₂, O₂^•−, OH^•) contents (μM/gFW) as well as total soluble proteins (mg/gFW) in different parts of cotton seedlings.

Traits	Parts
	Roots		Stems		Leaves
	0 µM Cd	500 µM Cd	0 µM Cd	500 µM Cd	0 µM Cd	500 µM Cd
MDA	9.18 ± 0.24^b; (0.00)	11.25 ± 0.23^a; (22.55)	10.83 ± 0.24^a; (0.00)	11.73 ± 0.27^a; (8.47)	13.14 ± 21.61^b; (0.00)	21.61 ± 2.24^a; (64.46)
H2O2	20.92 ± 6.21^a; (0.00)	34.17 ± 12.34^a; (63.30)	42.44 ± 9.91^b; (0.00)	80.69 ± 8.37^a; (90.13)	68.18 ± 10.09^b; (0.00)	164.16 ± 26.16^a; (140.77)
O2^•−	22.15 ± 9.00^a; (0.00)	33.66 ± 22.85^a; (51.95)	75.23 ± 36.76^a; (0.00)	102.78 ± 42.28^a; (36.62)	19.29 ± 1.09^b; (0.00)	126.96 ± 6.18^a; (558.16)
OH^•	0.10 ± 0.01^b; (0.00)	0.15 ± 1.53^a; (103.36)	0.13 ± 0.03^a; (0.00)	0.19 ± 0.03^a; (52.72)	0.13 ± 0.08^a; (0.00)	0.15 ± 0.08^a; (13.83)
Proteins	8.89 ± 0.19^b; (0.00)	17.63 ± 0.86^a; (98.34)	13.06 ± 4.31^a; (0.00)	8.74 ± 0.17^a; (−33.08)	14.81 ± 1.71^a; (0.00)	9.33 ± 0.65^b; (−36.99)

Values are the means ± SE of three replications. Variants possessing the same letter are not statistically significant at P < 0.05. Values in parenthesis show percent relative increase (+) or decrease (−) over the related controls.