Hippuric Acid as a Significant Regulator of Supersaturation in Calcium Oxalate Lithiasis: The Physiological Evidence

Figure 1

Solubility of calcium oxalate calculi in artificial urine as a function of hippuric acid concentration in three physiological solutions, according to the author’s in vitro experiments. • solubility in zero saturation artificial urine (curve 1), △ solubility in artificial urine with lower saturation - 2,5 mmol/L Ca²⁺ and 0,02 mmol/L C₂O₄²⁻ ions (curve 2), and ∘ solubility in artificial urine with “normal” saturation as in “standard” human urine - 2,5 mmol/L Ca²⁺ and 0,2 mmol/L C₂O₄²⁻ ions (curve 3).