Secondary Bacterial Infections in Patients with Seasonal Influenza A and Pandemic H1N1
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of patients with seasonal influenza A and pandemic H1N1 with relevant positive bacteriological cultures. Number (% of the total).
Influenza A
H1N1
Statistical analysis
Influenza patients with bacteriological relevant findings
33
38
Age—median (min-max)
57.5 (38–74)
30.5 (17–43)
Female gender/total (%)
19/33 (57.58%)
25/38 (65.79%)
NS
Comorbidity
Diabetes mellitus
2/33 (6.06%)
0
NS
Chronic lung disease*
5/33 (15.15%)
8/38 (21.05%)
NS
Chronic cardiovascular disease
7/33 (21.21%)
1/38 (2.63%)
Immunosuppression**
12/33 (36.36%)
11/38 (28.95%)
NS
Chronic renal disease
3/33 (9.09%)
4/38 (10.53%)
NS
Total number of patients with comorbidity
26/33 (78.79%)
19/38 (50.0%)
Hospitalisation
Time between first symptoms to hospital admission (days)
3
4
ND
Hospital admission
30/33 (90.90%)
24/38 (63.16%)
ICU admission
2/33 (6.06%)
11/38 (28.95%)
Length of hospital stay including ICU (days)
8.5
13.5
Antimicrobial treatment
Antiviral treatment
10/30 (30.30%)
18/38 (47.37%)
NS
Antibacterial treatment
26/33 (78.79%)
25/38 (65.79%)
NS
Mortality
Overall mortality
12/33 (36.36%)
3/38 (7.89%)
Mortality within 4 weeks of influenza diagnosis
2/33 (6.06%)
1/38 (2.63%)
NS
Mortality due to influenza complications
4/33 (12.12%)
3/38 (7.89%)
NS
ND: not determined; NS: not significant; *asthma or COPD, cystic fibrosis; **kidney/liver transplantation, solid tumor, chemotherapy, acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL).
