Origin and Status of Homologous Proteins of Biomineralization (Biosilicification) in the Taxonomy of Phylogenetic Domains

Table 2

Taxonomy homologues proteins of biomineralization.

Taxonomy of viruses and organisms	Age (billions of years)	POB
		1	2	3	4
Mimiviridae, Herpesviridae, Baculoviridae and so forth (vira**)	Fossils are not found [19]	+	+
Bacilli, Gammaproteobacteria and so forth (bacteria)	3.8–3.5* [19]	+
Dictyosteliomycota	—	+	+	+
Lobosea	0.75 [20]			+
Heterolobosea	—	+
Kinetoplastida	0.099–0.093 [21]		+
Conoidasida	—	+
Aconoidasida	—	+
Oligohymenophorea	—	+
Demospongiae	0.542–0.516 [21]			+	+
Tricoplacia	—	+	+	+
Hydrozoa	0.635–0.542 [21]	+		+
Anthozoa	0.635–0.542 [21]			+
Holothuroidea	0.513–0.505 [21]			+
Chromadorea	—	+	+	+	+
Bdelloidea	—			+
Branchiopoda	0.520–0.516 [21]	+	+	+
Monogenea	—			+
Polychaeta	0.520–0.516 [21]			+
Gastropoda, Bivalvia	0.542–0.252 [21]	+		+
Arachnida	0.418–0.416 [21]			+
Insecta	0.412–0.391 [21]	+		+	+
Malacostraca	0.530–0.513 [21]			+
Maxillopoda	0.268–0.265 [21]			+	+
Appendicularia	—		+	+	+
Leptocardii	0.541–0.485 [21]			+
Actinopterygii	0.478–0.468 [21]	+		+	+
Amphibia	0.488–0.443 [21]	+		+	+
Aves	0.252–0.201 [21]	+		+	+
Mammalia	0.235–0.221 [21]	+	+	+	+
Homo sapiens***	0.005 [21]	+		+	+
Eurotiomycetes, Homobasidiomycetes and so forth (fungi)	0.048–0.46 [21]	+	+
Phaeophyceae, Mamiellophyceae and so forth	0.485–0.150 [21]	+	+
Liliopsida	0.122–0.112 [21]	+		+
Magnoliopsida	0.388–0.383 [21]	+

Note: 1: silaffins; 2: silacidins; 3: silicateins; 4: silicase; +: homologue present; **(classification ICTV); ***(human is presented as a species as an exception). *3.5 authentic finding in siliceous rocks, 3.8 problematic.