A Novel Closed-Chest Porcine Model of Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure Suitable for Experimental Research in Cardiovascular Disease

Figure 3

(A) Echocardiography at 1 month: M-mode image of left ventricle (LV); the arrow points at the anterior interventricular septum, which appears severely hypokinetic/akinetic, in comparison with the posterior wall. (B) Two-dimensional parasternal long axis; the LV apex appears remodeled and aneurysmatic (arrow), and wall thickness is markedly reduced in comparison with the basal segment. LA: left atrium. Follow-up ventriculography (1 month), with magnified views, showing a remodeled and aneurysmatic LV apex, in the right oblique (C) and anteroposterior (D) views.