Association of Iron Depletion with Menstruation and Dietary Intake Indices in Pubertal Girls: The Healthy Growth Study
Table 3
Differences in BMI, hematological, and dietary intake indices between girls with normal iron status and iron depletion (serum ferritin < 12 g/L), with or without menses.
Girls without menses
Girls with menses
value
Normal iron status
Iron depletion
value
Normal iron status
Iron depletion
value
()
()
()
()
Age (y)
10.9 (10.5–11.5)
11.2 (10.6–11.7)
0.520
11.6 (11.2–11.9)
11.7 (11.3–12.1)
0.154
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
z (0.91–1.07)
z (0.95–1.04)
0.607
z (−1–1)
z (0.96–1.04)
0.541
<0.001
Hematological indices
MCV (fL)
82.0 (79.3–84.4)
82.2 (80.1–84.1)
0.852
83.2 (80.7–85.8)
82.5 (79.6–85.3)
0.015
0.287
MCH (pg)
27.5 (26.3–28.6)
27.7 (26.6–28.5)
0.795
28.2 (26.9–29.3)
27.5 (26.5–28.7)
0.892
0.745
Dietary indices
a
()
()
()
()
Energy and nutrients
Energy (Kcal/day)
1740.2 (1525.8–2065.9)
1841.4 (1565.5–2196.8)
0.066
1755.4 (1577.7–1989.8)
1819.4 (1625.6–2206.6)
0.414
0.812
Fat (g/day)
81.2 (67.3–100.6)
85.6 (69.3–102.2)
0.306
77.9 (68.2–95.4)
68.1 (82.8–100.8)
0.471
0.594
Fiber (g/day)
12.0 (9.0–16.2)
12.3 (9.8–15.8)
0.543
12.7 (9.1–19.9)
13.5 (8.7–19.5)
0.933
0.559
Iron (mg/day)
9.7 (7.6–12.9)
9.9 (7.6–12.6)
0.788
9.9 (7.6–13.2)
9.9 (7.8–13.0)
0.883
0.861
Magnesium (mg/day)
210.2 (175.3–260.8)
219.2 (187.1–270.8)
0.170
207.6 (172.2–264.1)
218.0 (194.0–265.4)
0.230
0.861
Selenium (mg/day)
0.10 (0.07–0.2)
0.12 (0.1-0.2)
0.120
0.10 (0.1-0.2)
0.12 (0.1-0.2)
0.071
0.305
Zinc (mg/day)
9.2 (7.4–11.3)
9.2 (7.6–11.4)
0.650
9.0 (7.4–11.0)
9.4 (7.7–11.5)
0.349
0.785
Vitamin C (mg/day)
72.9 (37.1–147.8)
70.2 (41.5–128.2)
0.543
70.9 (43.7–145.6)
106.3 (42.5–170.4)
0.529
0.195
Folate (g/day)
210.1 (142.8–279.5)
207.6 (143.1–303.0)
0.607
209.0 (143.6–294.1)
239.0 (131.3–293.7)
0.704
0.812
Food items
Dairy products (servings/day)
1.08 (0.75–2.00)
1.14 (0.75–2.53)
0.283
1.08 (0.66–1.50)
1.14 (0.75–2.53)
0.302
0.262
Cereal (servings/day)
0.36 (0.03–1.00)
0.36 (0.03–1.0)
0.657
0.36 (0.07–1.00)
0.25 (0.03–1.00)
0.502
0.732
Cakes/biscuits (servings/day)
0.14 (0.08–0.36)
0.14 (0.08–0.36)
0.838
0.14 (0.03–0.36)
0.14 (0.07–0.36)
0.908
0.473
Red meat (servings/day)
0.36 (0.14–0.36)
0.14 (0.14–0.36)
0.108
0.36 (0.14–0.36)
0.36 (0.14–0.36)
0.224
0.101
Poultry (servings/day)
0.14 (0.14–0.36)
0.11 (0.07–0.13)
0.017
0.14 (0.08–0.36)
0.14 (0.08–0.36)
0.914
0.247
Fish (servings/day)
0.14 (0.08–0.14)
0.14 (0.08–0.36)
0.608
0.14 (0.08–0.14)
0.14 (0.08–0.20)
0.674
0.990
Fruits (servings/day)
1.00 (0.36–1.00)
1.00 (0.36–2.50)
0.044
1.00 (0.36–2.50)
1.00 (0.36–2.50)
0.625
0.391
Packed fruit juice (servings/day)
0.14 (0.03–0.71)
0.14 (0.03–0.71)
0.970
0.14 (0.03–1.00)
0.36 (0.14–1.00)
0.048
0.913
Vegetables (servings/day)
0.36 (0.14–1.00)
0.71 (0.36–1.00)
0.149
0.36 (0.14–1.00)
0.71 (0.30–1.00)
0.213
0.865
Fast food (servings/day)
0.06 (0.02–0.06)
0.08 (0.03–0.08)
0.041
0.08 (0.03–0.08)
0.08 (0.03–0.14)
0.696
0.323
Soda (servings/day)
0.03 (0.03–0.14)
0.08 (0.03–0.14)
0.807
0.08 (0.03–0.36)
0.08 (0.03–0.36)
0.338
0.090
All data are presented as median (25th–75th percentile). Derived from the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, indicates the statistical significance of the differences between girls with ID and normal iron status. Derived from the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, indicates the statistical significance of the differences between iron-depleted girls with and without menses. BMI: body mass index; MCV: mean cell volume; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin.
aUnderreporters were excluded from all analysis concerning dietary data.
