Stem Cell Therapy for Lower Extremity Diabetic Ulcers: Where Do We Stand?

Table 2

Clinical trials of stem cell therapy on the treatment of diabetic ulcer.

Clinical trial	Diabetic cases	Stem cell therapy	Efficacy assessment
Kirana et al. 2012 [71]	24	BM-MSCs/BM-MNCs	80% cases achieved significant improvement.
Ravari et al. 2011 [60]	8	BM-MNCs	Complete wound healing in 3 cases and significant improvement in 5 cases.
Jain et al. 2011 [72]	25	BM-MNCs	The rate of chronic lower extremity wound healing increased.
Dash et al. 2009 [73]	12	BM-MSCs	Significant improvement in pain-free walking distance and reduction in ulcer size.
Rogers et al. 2008 [74]	3	BM-MNCs	Good wound healing.
Yoshikawa et al. 2008 [75]	20	MSCs	The wound mostly healed in 18 of the 20 patients.
Kirana et al. 2007 [61]	1	BM-MNCs	Complete wound healing achieved.
Badiavas et al. 2007 [76]	4	BM-MNCs	Complete wound healing achieved.
Falanga et al. 2007 [77]	8	MSCs	All wounds healed completely between weeks 7 and 8 after the surgery.
Asai et al. 2006 [78]	1	BM-MNCs and bFGF	Complete wound healing.
Humpert et al. 2005 [79]	2	BM-MNCs	Reduction of wound size and markedly increased vascularization were achieved.
Vojtassák et al. 2006 [80]	1	Fibroblast and MSCs	Closing and healing of the nonhealing diabetic ulcer was achieved.
Badiavas and Falanga 2003 [81]	3	BM-MNCs	Dermal rebuilding and closure of nonhealing chronic wounds were achieved.