Review Article
Nosology of Juvenile Muscular Atrophy of Distal Upper Extremity: From Monomelic Amyotrophy to Hirayama Disease—Indian Perspective
Table 2
MRI findings in Hirayama disease [
5,
18,
24].
| | MRI feature | Hassan et al. [5] (2012): no. (%) | Sonwalkar et al. [18] (2008): no. (%) | Raval et al. [24] (2010): no. (%) |
| | Total number of patients | 11
*
| 8 | 9 | | Neutral position | | | | | Abnormal cervical curvature (loss of cervical lordosis) | 10/11 (91) | 6 (75) | 9 (100) | | Localised lower cervical cord atrophy | 9/11 (82) | 8 (100) | 9 (100) | | Asymmetric cord flattening | 11/11 (100) | 6 (75) | 9 (100) | | Intramedullary hyperintensity in lower cervical cord | 2 (18) | 3 (37) | 4 (44) | | Flexion position | | | | | Loss of attachment between posterior dural sac and subjacent lamina | 9/10 (90) | 4 (50) | 9 (100) | | Anterior shifting of posterior cervical dural wall on flexion | 9/10 (90) | 6 (75) | 9 (100) | | Prominent epidural flow voids | 9/10 (90) | 4 (50) | 4 (44) | | Enhancing epidural mass in lower cervical region | 10/10 (100) | 6 (75) | 9 (100) |
|
|
11 patients underwent routine neutral position MRI, and 10 underwent flexion contrast MRI.
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