The Anti-Arthritic and Immune-Modulatory Effects of NHAG: A Novel Glucosamine Analogue in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis

Figure 3

Effect of NHAG (5 mg/kg) on the average paw oedema in rats induced with arthritis. Each value represents mean paw oedema ± SEM of 𝑛=12. The arthritic control group demonstrated a clear evidence of clinical inflammation in both hind paws from day 8 onward. The bonferroni’s post hoc test showed that the paw volume of the arthritic rats was significantly higher than normal control group on day 12 onward (*𝑃<0.01). In comparison to the arthritic control group, a significant reduction in paw volume was observed in case of indomethacin (^δ𝑃<0.004) and NHAG (^‡𝑃<0.001) on days 12 and 16 and continued till end of experiment (***𝑃<0.001) and (**𝑃<0.001), respectively.