Plant Growth Promotion Potential Is Equally Represented in Diverse Grapevine Root-Associated Bacterial Communities from Different Biopedoclimatic Environments
Figure 1
DGGE analysis of grapevine root-associated microbial communities. (a) Representative DGGE gels of the separation of 16S rRNA gene fragments along a denaturing gradient. The analyzed fractions were root tissues (E), rhizosphere (R), root-surrounding soil (S), and bulk soil (B) of three replicate plants of grapevine from a vineyard in Italy (left panel), Tunisia (central panel), and Egypt (right panel). (b) Principal component analysis (PCA) of the plot line profiles that were obtained from DGGE fingerprinting of the bacterial community. E replicates are represented by a circle, R samples by a triangle, S samples by a rhombus, and B by a square. (c)-(d) ANOVA analysis was performed on the average values of the line plot score along axis 1 and 2, respectively, of PCA analysis in order to assess the degree of similarities among plant and soil-associated bacterial communities in the three study sites. Different letters (a and b), shown at the top of the scatter plots in the graph, indicate a statistical significance at according to ANOVA analysis.
