What Is Recent in Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy?

Table 3

DC-based vaccines clinical trial.

DC-based vaccines	Patients enrolled	Phase of the study	Clinical results	References
MUC1 peptide-loaded DC	12 with resected pancreatic and biliary cancer	I/II	4 of the 12 patients followed for over four years were alive	[139]
DC transfected with MUC1 cDNA	10 with advanced breast, pancreatic, or papillary cancer	I/II	4 patients showed a 2- to 10-fold increase in the frequency of MUC1-specific IFN-gamma-secreting CD8^+ T cells.	[140]
mRNA CEA-loaded DC	3 with resected PC	Pilot study	The immunizations were well tolerated without evidence of adverse events. All patients were alive without evidence of disease at more than 30 months from the original diagnosis.	[141]
Peptides (mutant p53- and k-ras-loaded DC	39 patients with several types of cancer (lung, breast, pancreatic, ovarian, colon, others)	I	10 (26%) of 38 patients had detectable CTL against mutant p53 or K-ras, and 2 patients were positive for CTL at baseline. Positive IFN-γ responses occurred in 16 patients (42%) after vaccination, whereas 4 patients had positive IFN-γ reaction before vaccination. Cellular immunity to mutant p53 and K-ras oncopeptides is associated with longer survival.	[142]
DC engineered (secreting IL-2)	17 patients with several types of cancer (3 metastatic pancreatic, 5 colorectal, 9 liver, cancer)	Pilot study	Treatment was well tolerated. DC treatment induced a marked increase of infiltrating CD8^+ T lymphocytes in three of 11 tumor biopsies analyzed. A partial response was observed in one patient with pancreatic carcinoma.	[143]