In Systemic Sclerosis, Anxiety and Depression Assessed by Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale Are Independently Associated with Disability and Psychological Factors
Table 1
Clinical, clinimetric, and anthropometric characteristics of SSc patients.
SSc
lSSc
dSSc
value (lSSc versus dSSc)
Age (years)
59.92 ± 13.49
60.28 ± 13.25
59.31 ± 14.01
NS
Disease duration (years)
10.58 ± 7.42
10.28 ± 8.06
11.05 ± 6.39
NS
HADS-D
6.14 ± 3.97
5.96 ± 3.89
6.44 ± 4.11
NS
HADS-A
6.66 ± 4.09
6.57 ± 3.84
6.80 ± 4.11
NS
RSES
21.30 ± 4.20
21.23 ± 4.16
21.42 ± 4.31
NS
COPE NVI SS subscale
24.46 ± 7.15
24.88 ± 6.95
23.82 ± 7.47
NS
COPE NVI AS subscale
22.02 ± 5.06
22.26 ± 5.14
21.64 ± 4.97
NS
COPE NVI PA subscale
29.90 ± 6.95
30.13 ± 6.93
29.55 ± 7.06
NS
COPE NVI PS subscale
24.92 ± 5.64
24.72 ± 5.22
25.23 ± 6.30
NS
COPE NVI TO subscale
24.12 ± 5.28
23.76 ± 4.90
24.66 ± 5.84
NS
COPE NIV total score
127.97 ± 28.83
129.97 ± 34.23
124.89 ± 17.42
NS
Right HAMIS
5.19 ± 5.36
3.82 ± 4.62
7.40 ± 5.77
<0.001
Left HAMIS
5.03 ± 5.12
3.58 ± 4.08
7.40 ± 5.77
<0.001
CHFDS
10.68 ± 13.10
9.60 ± 15.36
12.51 ± 11.25
<0.05
Right hand opening
3.40 ± 1.34
3.65 ± 1.29
3.01 ± 1.34
<0.05
Left hand opening
3.28 ± 1.38
3.49 ± 1.44
2.95 ± 1.24
<0.05
Right fist closure
0.79 ± 1.40
0.53 ± 1.17
1.19 ± 1.61
<0.01
Left fist closure left
0.82 ± 1.42
0.51 ± 1.19
1.30 ± 1.62
<0.001
MHISS total
18.12 ± 11.21
16.26 ± 11.13
21.18 ± 10.77
<0.05
MHISS mouth opening
8.14 ± 6.09
6.91 ± 631
10.18 ± 5.18
0.001
MHISS Sicca syndrome
6.96 ± 5.26
6.92 ± 4.91
7.02 ± 5.85
NS
MHISS aesthetic concerns
3.43 ± 2.93
3.08 ± 3.00
4.00 ± 2.76
NS
Mouth opening
3.89 ± 0.10
4.14 ± 0.88
3.47 ± 1.04
0.001
HAQ
0.63 ± 0.65
0.55 ± 0.70
0.76 ± 0.53
<0.05
FACIT-F
14.08 ± 9.62
12.77 ± 9.58
16.20 ± 9.41
<0.05
Legend: values are presented as mean ± SD; SSc: systemic sclerosis; NS: not significant; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; RSES: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; COPE NIV: Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced-New Italian Version (SS: social support subscale; AS: avoidance strategies subscale; PA: positive attitude subscale; PS: problem solving subscale; TO: transcendent orientation subscale); HAMIS: Hand Mobility In Scleroderma Test); CHFDS: Cochin Hand Functional Disability Scale; MHISS: Mouth Handicap in Systemic Sclerosis Scale; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; FACIT-F: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Scale.
