Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticholinesterase Activities of Plant Seed Extracts from Brazilian Semiarid Region

Table 1

Antibacterial (MIC), antioxidant, and hemolytic activities of ethanolic seed extracts of plants from Brazilian semiarid region^a.

Family; Botanical name; Common name; (locality: date of collection), Voucher number	Traditional medicinal use	Yield (%)^b	Antioxidant activity (EC50  µg/mL)^c	Anticholinesterase activity (%)^d	Antibacterial activity; MIC (mg/mL)^e
					S. Choleraesuis	B. subtilis	S. aureus
Anacardiaceae
Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All Aroeira-do-sertão; (Araripe National Forest: 01/07); EAC 34865	Used to treat cutaneous and gynecological affections and kidney and respiratory problems; antiinflammatory, antiulcer, and healing [13]; antihistaminic and antimicrobial [14]; analgesic and antidiarrheal [15]	25.2	ND^f	ND	ND	6.78	ND
Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler; Braúna; (Araripe National Forest: 01/07); EAC 35643	Used to treat nervousness and hysteria; analgesic [15]	2.88	ND	ND	37.32	ND	ND
Caryocaraceae
Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.; Pequi; (Araripe National Forest: 09/05); EAC 35251	Not described	23.1	ND	63.4	ND	ND	ND
Chrysobalanaceae
Licania tomentosa Benth; Oiti; (Coast zone: 01/08); EAC 40215	Not described	4.4	216.72	13.9	ND	ND	6.49
Licania rigida Benth; Oiticica; (Coast zone: 12/07); EAC 40216	Used to treat diabetes; anti-inflammatory [15]	28.1	487.51	52.4	ND	ND	8.63
Connaraceae
Connarus detersus Planch; Cabelo de negro; (Araripe National Forest: 01/05); EAC 34733	Not described	28.5	ND	91.9	ND	ND	ND
Fabaceae
Adenanthera pavonina L.; Falso-sândalo; (Coast zone: 08/07); EAC 38.697	Not described	6.12	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Amburana cearensis (Allemao) A.C. Smith; Cumaru and amburana; (Caatinga vegetation: 11/07); EAC 39618	Used to treat rheumatism, cold, and sinusitis; antispasmodic, healing, and anti-inflammatory [15]; analgesic [13]	6.43	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Anadenanthera macrocarpa; (Benth.) Brenan; Angico vermelho; (Caatinga vegetation: 07/05); EAC 38389	Used to treat respiratory problems, gonorrhea, and diarrhea; astringent, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, and healing [15]	9.35	ND	54.1	ND	ND	ND
Dioclea megacarpa Rolfe; Mucunã, olho-de-boi; (Araripe National Forest: 01/05); EAC 38110	Not described	2.40	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Enterolobium contortisiliquum; (Vell.) Morong; Orelha-de-negro; (Araripe National Forest: 09/05); EAC 38115	Not described	2.80	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Hymenaea courbaril L.; Jatobá; (Araripe National Forest: 01/05); EAC 38108	Not described	9.50	247.95	ND	ND	ND	ND
Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poiret) Kunth; Ingá; (Coast zone: 10/06); EAC 39615	Not described	10.60	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemao) Ducke; Pau-mocó; (Caatinga vegetation: 11/06); EAC 40369	Not described	8.40	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Parkia platycephala Benth.; Visgueiro; (Araripe National Forest: 01/06); EAC38109	Not described	17.50	ND	71.5	ND	ND	ND
Piptadenia moniliformis Benth.; Catanduva; (Caatinga vegetation: 01/05); EAC35974	Not described	6.18	ND	50.2	ND	ND	ND
Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby; Mata pasto; (Caatinga vegetation: 07/05); EAC39320	Not described	5.70	ND	ND	ND	4.96	ND
Polygonaceae
Triplaris gardneriana Wedd.; Pajeú; (Caatinga vegetation: 11/06); EAC39600	Not described	26.0	69.73	79.8	18.8	13.76	11.15
Rhamnaceae
Ziziphus joazeiro Mart; Juá and juazeiro; (Coast zone: 03/08); EAC 40366	Expectorant and antipyretic; used to treat skin, blood, stomach, and liver diseases, ulcer; antimicrobial [15]	7.22	ND	49.4	ND	ND	ND
Sapindaceae
Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hil) Radlk; Pitomba; (Coast zone: 03/08); EAC 40685	Not described	1.50	ND	61.24	ND	ND	ND
Sapindus saponaria L.; Sabonete; (Caatinga vegetation: 11/06); EAC39601	Not described	10.7	ND	58.60	ND	ND	ND
Controls ^g
Quercetin	—	—	55.52	—	—	—	—
Vitamin C	—	—	260.27	—	—	—	—

aThe values are means of a triplicate. The standard deviation was less than 5% of the mean.
^b(Amount (g) of solid recovered from the ethanolic extract/amount (g) of seed flour used) × 100.
^cEfficient concentration (EC), as µg of sample required to decrease one g of the initial 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^·) concentration by 50%.
^dTotal inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme after comparison to the blank. Concentration tested: 500 μg/mL.
^eMinimum inhibitory concentration: the lowest concentration which did not show any growth of tested organism after macroscopic evaluation.
^fND: not detected.
^gSubstances that are frequently used as standard for antioxidant studies.