Candidate Genes for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Table 2

The reported studies of growth factor genes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Population	Subjects with type 2 diabetes (n)	Polymorphism (rs)	Risk genotype/allele	OR (P value)^1	Reference
Japanese population	536 (PDR versus NDR dm without DR)	VEGF^2  −634C/G	CC—no association	1.5 (0.08)	[46]
Slovak population (Caucasians)	245 (PDR versus dm without PDR)	TGF-beta^3 +915G/C (R25P)	RR genotype	2.89 (<0.01)	[42]
English population (Caucasians)	267 (PDR versus non-PDR)	VEGF^2  −460C/T, VEGF^2  +405C/G	CC; no association	3.7 (0.02); NA^4	[43]
Indian population	208 (PDR versus non-PDR)	IGF^5-(CA)𝑛	18-(AC) repeats	2.8 (<0.05)	[51]
Slovak population (Caucasians)	488 (PDR versus non-PDR versus dm without DR)	bFGF^6  −754C/G	CC	NA^4 (0.006)	[44]
Slovene population (Caucasians)	349 (PDR versus dm without DR)	VEGF^2  −634C/G	CC—no association	1.1 (0.7)	[16]
Polish population (Caucasians)	215 (PDR versus non-PDR versus dm without DR)	VEGF^2  −634C/G, VEGF^2 +460C/T	No association	NA^4	[52]
Slovene population (Caucasians)	313 (PDR versus dm without DR)	bFGF^6: −553T/A, −834T/A, −921C/G	−553T/A AT genotype; −834T/A AT genotype	2.0 (0.03); 0.4 (0.01); no association; consecutively	[17]
South Korean population	398 (PDR versus non-PDR versus dm without DR)	VEGF^2  −936C/T	TT	NA^4	[45]
Australian population	364 (PDR versus non-PDR versus dm without DR)	VEGF^2—rs3025021 and rs10434, consecutively	C allele rs3025021; G allele	3.8 (0.002); 2.6 (0.002)	[46]
Japanese population	364 (PDR versus dm without DR)	VEGF^2  −634C/G; −2578C/A	No association; AA genotype	No association; 7.7 (0.002)	[47]
Han Chinese population	285 (PDR versus non-PDR versus dm without DR)	VEGF^2  −634C/G	No association	NA^4 (0.6)	[48]
South Korean population	387 (PDR versus non-PDR versus dm without DR)	rs699947, rs1570360, and rs2010963—VEGF^2	AGG haplotype	4.3 (𝑃=0.019)	[49]
Iranian population	398 (PDR versus NDR)	VEGF^2 +405	GG	1.87 (𝑃=0.039)	[50]

 ¹Odds ratio and P value in logistic regression analysis; ²vascular endothelial growth factor; ³transforming growth factor-beta; ⁴not available; ⁵cytosine-adenine (CA)_(𝑛) repeat in the promoter of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) gene; ⁶basic fibroblast growth factor.