Candidate Genes for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Table 5

The reported studies of polymorphisms of the cytokines genes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Population	Subjects with type 2 diabetes (n)	Polymorphism (rs)	Risk genotype/allele	OR (P value)^1	Reference
Slovak population (Caucasians)	246 (PDR versus dm without PDR)	TNF^2-β NcoI	β2 allele	NA (<0.01)	[59]
Asian Indian population	207 (PDR versus dm without DR)	TNF^2 (GT)𝑛 microsatellite^3	Allele 8 (111 bp)	NA (<0.01)	[60]
Japanese population	251 (PDR versus NDR versus dm without DR)	LTA^4  −804C/A, 252A/G; TNF^2α (−302A/G)	Genotype distribution	No association	[61]
Indian population	493 (PDR versus dm without DR)	IL^5-10 1082G allele; TNF^2α −238A	GG genotype; AA genotype	2.2 (0.0037); 5.8 (0.001)	[62]
Korean population	590 (PDR versus dm without PDR)	MCP-1^6; −2518A/G	AA genotype	1.9 (0.009)	[63]

 ¹Odds ratio and P value in logistic regression analysis; ²tumor necrosis factor; ³(GT)n microsatellite dinucleotide repeat upstream to the promoter region of TNF gene; lymphotoxin α  −804C/A polymorphism in exon 3 and 252A/G polymorphism in intron 1; ⁵interleukin; ⁶monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.