The Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid DHA Induces Simultaneous Apoptosis and Autophagy via Mitochondrial ROS-Mediated Akt-mTOR Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells Expressing Mutant p53
Figure 1
DHA induces cytotoxicity in PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells. (a) Reduced cell viability in response to DHA. PC3 and DU145 cells were exposed to 0−50 μM DHA for 24 h and cell viability was measured. (b) Representative images of PC3 (bottom) and DU145 (top) cells exposed to DHA for 24 h (scale bar, 200 μm). (c), (d) Different effects of ω3- and ω6-PUFAs on the viability of PC3 and DU145 cells. PC3 cells (c) and DU145 cells (d) were exposed to 50 μM DHA, EPA, and AA for 24 h and cell viability was measured by MTT. Data are displayed as means ± SD (; ).