| Model | Characteristic inflammation | Animals | References |
| Acid aspiration | Rupture of the alveolar-capillary barrier with intense neutrophilic infiltrate [23, 56, 105, 106] | Mice Rats Rabbits | [42, 56, 107–110] | Bleomycin | Acute inflammatory injury, and reversible fibrosis [23, 111] | Mice Rats | [112–114] [20, 115] | Cecal ligation and puncture | Variable neutrophilic alveolar infiltrate and increased permeability [23, 43] | Mice Rats | [111, 116, 117] [118–120] | Hyperoxia | Epithelial injury and neutrophilic infiltration, followed by type II cell proliferation and scarring [23, 121–123] | Mice Rats | [124–127] [128] | Intrapulmonary bacteria | Increased neutrophilic alveolar infiltrate, interstitial edema, and permeability [23, 129] | Rabbits | [129] | Intravenous bacteria | Interstitial edema, neutrophils sequestration, and intravascular congestion [23, 130] | Mice | [131] | LPS | Neutrophilic inflammation with increased intrapulmonary cytokines [20, 23, 132] | Mice Rats Sheep | [20, 45, 59, 70, 132–135] [136] | Nonpulmonary ischemia/reperfusion | Increased microvascular permeability, neutrophils recruitment, edema, and sequestration in the lungs [23, 28] | Mice Rats | [28, 137–139] | Oleic acid | Neutrophilic inflammation, increased permeability, and edema [22, 23, 140] | Mice Rats | [141] [21, 22, 142] | Peritonitis by cecal ligation and puncture | Variable degrees Neutrophilic alveolar infiltrate and increased permeability [23, 143] | Rats Rabbits | [143, 144] [44] | Pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion | Increased pulmonary vascular permeability, neutrophil infiltration, and edema [23, 145] | Mice Rats Rabbits | [145–147] [148] |
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