The Association between Dietary Intake of Folate and Physical Activity with Psychological Dimensions of Depressive Symptoms among Students from Iran

Table 2

The association between vitamins B and characteristics of the subjects and psychological dimensions of depression.

Variables	Depressive affect; (Mean ± SD)	𝑃	Disturbed positive affect; (Mean ± SD)	𝑃	Somatic complaints; (Mean ± SD)	𝑃	Interpersonal difficulties; (Mean ± SD)	𝑃
DRI of vitamin B6		0.208		0.788		0.081		0.408
≥DRI (𝑛=338)	3.41±3.56		3.80±2.89		5.08±3.14		0.63±1.05
<DRI (𝑛=64)	4.03±3.85		3.90±3.09		5.86±3.73		0.75±1.10
DRI of vitamin B9		0.002		0.121		0.024		≤0.001
≥DRI (𝑛=183)	2.91±2.99		3.57±2.58		4.80±2.86		0.44±0.89
<DRI (𝑛=219)	4.00±3.99		4.02±2.97		5.54±3.51		0.82±1.16
DRI of vitamin B12		0.300		0.230		0.184		0.968
≥DRI (𝑛=264)	3.37±3.67		3.69±2.90		5.05±3.15		0.65±1.13
<DRI (𝑛=138)	3.77±3.47		4.06±2.97		5.51±3.42		0.65±0.93
Age groups		0.001		0.178		0.065		0.375
≤35 (𝑛=284)	3.83±3.84		3.94±2.96		5.38±3.41		0.68±1.11
>35 (𝑛=118)	2.72±2.83		3.52±2.82		4.78±2.80		0.58±0.95
Gender		≤0.001		0.092		0.996		0.311
Male (𝑛=229)	2.95±3.21		3.60±2.82		5.21±3.16		0.60±1.02
Female (𝑛=173)	4.25±3.26		4.10±3.04		5.21±3.38		0.71±1.11
Education		≤0.001		0.053		0.051		0.007
<20 y (𝑛=199)	4.18±3.76		4.10±2.88		5.53±3.94		0.79±1.18
≥20 y (𝑛=203)	2.86±3.34		3.54±2.95		4.90±3.08		0.51±0.91
Marital status		0.051		0.651		0.553		0.134
Married (𝑛=208)	3.17±3.17		3.88±2.85		5.12±2.96		0.57±0.94
Single (𝑛=194)	3.88±4.00		3.74±3.00		5.31±3.54		0.73±1.17
Current smoking		0.676		0.607		0.980		0.789
Yes (𝑛=36)	3.75±2.72		4.06±3.10		5.22±3.23		0.69±1.14
No (𝑛=366)	3.49±3.69		3.79±2.91		5.21±3.26		0.64±1.05
Former smoking		0.225		0.255		0.979		0.567
Yes (𝑛=16)	2.44±3.24		3.00±3.31		5.19±2.37		0.50±1.10
No (𝑛=386)	3.55±3.62		3.85±2.91		5.21±3.28		0.66±1.06
BMI		0.006		0.469		0.455		0.437
≤25 (𝑛=262)	3.87±3.82		3.89±2.97		5.30±3.40		0.68±1.07
>25 (𝑛=140)	2.84±3.30		3.67±3.02		5.05±2.95		0.59±1.04
Monthly expenses		0.780		0.211		0.445		0.196
<800 (𝑛=199)	3.56±3.62		3.63±2.75		5.34±3.31		0.58±0.97
≥800 (𝑛=210)	3.46±3.60		3.99±3.07		5.10±3.19		0.71±1.14
Close friends		0.020		0.187		0.853		0.009
<5 (𝑛=220)	3.89±3.81		4.00±3.03		5.24±3.31		0.77±1.15
≥5 (𝑛=182)	3.05±3.29		3.60±2.78		5.18±3.19		0.50±0.93
Physical activity		≤0.001		0.006		<0.001		0.056
≥Moderate (𝑛=274)	2.97±3.31		3.54±2.81		4.79±3.06		0.58±1.01
Low (𝑛=128)	4.66±3.95		4.40±3.08		6.10±3.47		0.80±1.15
Living in campus		0.340		0.964		0.052		0.026
Yes (𝑛=170)	3.72±4.05		3.82±2.74		5.58±3.49		0.79±1.24
No (𝑛=232)	3.36±4.24		3.81±3.05		4.94±3.04		0.54±0.89

DRI for vitamin B₆: 19–50 y = 1.3 mg/d, >50 y = 1.7 mg/d; DRI for vitamin B₉: 400 𝜇g/d; DRI for vitamin B₁₂: 2.4 𝜇/d (DRI 1998).