Polymorphisms in the Human Cytochrome P450 and Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase: Susceptibility to Head and Neck Cancers

Table 1

Polymorphic CYPsP450 and NATs and metabolism of carcinogens in the HNC.

Gene	Substrate	Reference	Functional effect	Polymorphism	rs number	Reference
CYP1A1	TC^a (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene dimethylbenz[a]anthracene), 6-nitrochrysene,	[33]	Phase I oxidative and reductive	CYP1A1 *2A (m1): T→C substitution at nucleotide 6235 in the 3^′ noncoding region	—	[35]
				CYP1A1 *2B (m2): A→G Ile462Val	rs1048943
				CYP1A1 *3 (m3): T→C substitution at nucleotide 5996 in the 3^′ noncoding region	—
				CYP1A1 *4 (m4): C→A Thr461Asn	rs1799814
CYP1B1	TC^a (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene)	[92]	Phase I oxidative and reductive	CYP1B1 *3: Val432Leu	rs1056836	[101]
				CYP1B1 *2: Arg48Ser	rs1056827
				CYP1B1 *2: Ala119Ser	rs10012
				CYP1B1 *4: Asn453Ser	rs1800440
CYP2D6	TC^a (e.g., nicotine and nitrosamines)	[126]	Phase I oxidative and reductive	CYP2D6 *3: (single-base deletion at exon 5, 2549delA)	rs35742686	[129]
				CYP2D6 *4: (G1934A)	rs3892097
				CYP2D6 *5: (leading to gene deletion)	—
				CYP2D6 *6: (single-base deletion at exon 3, 1707delT)	rs5030655
CYP2E1	TC^a (e.g., nitrosamines); Ethanol	[24, 143, 144]	Phase I oxidative and reductive	CYP2E1 *5B (c2) (PstI restriction, position: −1019)	—	[142]
				CYP2E1 *5A (c1) (RsaI restriction, position: −1259)	—
				CYP2E1 *6 (allele D) (DraI restriction, intron 6)	rs6413432	[149]
NAT1/NAT2	Arylamines and heterocyclic aromatic amines	[181, 184, 186, 187]	Phase II biotransformation	NAT1 *10: T1088A	rs1057126	[188]
				NAT1 *10: C1095A	rs15561
				NAT2 *5B: Ile114 Thr,; NAT2*5B: Lys268Arg	rs1801280; rs1208
				NAT2 *6A: Arg197Gln	rs1799930

aTobacco carcinogens; —: undefined.