Research Article
Milan PM1 Induces Adverse Effects on Mice Lungs and Cardiovascular System
Table 1
Table summarizing mean chemical composition (μg/μg PM) of 8 PM1 pooled samples (modified by “Seasonal variations in chemical composition and in vitro biological effects of fine PM from Milan” [17]). Inorganic ions explained about the 43% of the PM mass, the sum of all elements explained about the 0.8% while the contribution of PAHs was 0.016%. BaP: benzo[a]anthracene; BeP: benzo[e]pyrene; Bb+jF: benzo[b+j]fluoranthene; BkF: benzo(k)fluoranthene; BaP: benzo[a]pyrene; dBahA: dibenzo[a,h]anthracene; BghiP: benzo[g,h,i]perylene; IcdP: indeno[1,2-Cd]pyrene. Particles size distribution over the Milano metropolitan area has been studied by Ferrero and colleagues [18]. Concerning sources, traffic and heating during cold season constitute the 49–53% of the primary combustion sources of fine PM; during warm season they constitute about the 25%, while secondary sources are predominant (50–66%) [19]. Elemental carbon (primarily from traffic) contributes for about 10–15% to the fine fraction; organic matter, calculated applying a specific organic matter-to-organic carbon conversion factor to each source, contributes for 31–38% to the fine fraction [19].
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