The Variety of Vertebrate Mechanisms of Sex Determination

Table 3

The known sex-determining genes in vertebrate (adopted from [18]).

Species	The known sex-determing genes	The main peculiarities of the genes
Mammals
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus,  and so forth.	Sry	Transcription factor, upregulator of Sox9; and testis-determining gene.
Birds
Gallus gallus domesticus, and  so forth.	Dmrt1	Transcription factor, upregulator of Sox9, DM domain gene; and testis-determining gene.
Amphibia
Xenopus laevis	DM-W	Transcription factor, DM domain gene, and ovary-determining gene.
Fishes
Oryzias latipes	Dmy	Transcription factor, DM domain gene, and testis determining gene.
Oryzias luzonensis	Gsdf	Secretory protein belonging to the TGF-𝛽 superfamily.
Takifugu	Amhr2	Receptor for Amh.
Patagonian Pejerrey	Amhy	The Amh protein has been implicated in the regulation of germ cell proliferation and spermatogenesis.
Oncorhynchus mykiss	SdY	A novel protein that displays sequence homology with carboxy-terminal domain of interferon regulatory factor 9 (Irf9).