Acute Toxicity and the Effect of Andrographolide on Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats

Table 2

Effect of andrographolide on kidney biomarkers in hyperlipidemic rats.

	Na (mmol/L)	K (mmol/L)	Urea (mmol/L)	Creatinine (µmol/L)
Group 1	143.17 ± 0.4*	4.47 ± 0.1	10.5 ± 0.24	38 ± 2.45
Group 2	138.67 ± 0.33	4.13 ± 0.07	11.97 ± 0.29	45.5 ± 0.22
Group 3	143.5 ± 0.34*	4.32 ± 0.05	12.62 ± 0.39	39.5 ± 2.69
Group 4	144.5 ± 0.34*	4.7 ± 0.18*	11.98 ± 0.46	43.17 ± 2.82
Group 5	146.17 ± 0.4*	4.47 ± 0.08	11.67 ± 0.55	41.17 ± 0.54

Sodium (Na); 𝐹 (4,25) = 58.4, 𝑃 < 0.001, Potassium (K); 𝐹 (4,25) = 3.9, 𝑃 < 0.05, Urea; 𝐹 (4,25) = 3.7, 𝑃 < 0.05, Creatinine; 𝐹 (4,25) = 2.0, 𝑃 = 0.119.
Group (1) vehicle; Group (2) vehicle and P. gingivalis; Group (3) simvastatin (100 mg/kg); Group (4) andrographolide 20 mg/kg; Group (5) andrographolide 10 mg/kg. Statistical Analysis of the data was carried out using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dennett’s post hoc test for average comparison on SPSS 18.0. Mean values ± SEM (𝑛 = 6) were used. Significance was defined as 𝑃 < 0.05 compared to G2. Values without an asterisk do not have significant difference compared to G2.