The Usefulness of Impedance Cardiography for Predicting Beneficial Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Heart Failure
Table 3
Comparison of analysed parameters in subgroups distinguished by TFC.
Low TFC
High TFC
Men, (%)
22 (88.0)
22 (88.0)
—
Age (years), mean ± SD
57.8 ± 7.1
55.2 ± 9.9
0.305
BMI (kg × m−2), mean ± SD
30.2 ± 3.7
27.3 ± 3.4
0.006
Ischaemic aetiology of HF, (%)
20 (80.0)
22 (88.0)
0.440
Myocardial infarction, (%)
17 (68.0)
21 (84.0)
0.185
Diabetes, (%)
8 (32.0)
6 (24.0)
0.529
Dyslipidaemia, (%)
23 (92.0)
16 (64.0)
0.017
Hypertension, (%)
14 (56.0)
12 (48.0)
0.571
ACE inhibitor, (%)
22 (88.0)
24 (96.0)
0.297
Angiotensin receptor blocker, (%)
5 (20.0)
1 (4.0)
0.082
Beta-blocker, (%)
25 (100.0)
25 (100.0)
—
Loop diuretic, (%)
23 (92.0)
17 (68.0)
0.034
Spironolactone, (%)
24 (96.0)
23 (92.0)
0.551
Aspirin, (%)
21 (84.0)
22 (88.0)
0.684
Statin, (%)
23 (92.0)
23 (92.0)
—
NYHA class before CR, mean ± SD
2.40 ± 0.50
2.36 ± 0.50
0.776
NYHA class after CR, mean ± SD
2.00 ± 0.50
2.12 ± 0.52
0.412
LVEF before CR (%), mean ± SD
30.2 ± 6.8
29.8 ± 8.4
0.867
LVEF after CR (%), mean ± SD
31.6 ± 6.8
30.3 ± 8.0
0.551
LVEF change after CR (%), mean ± SD
1.44 ± 3.54
0.48 ± 2.20
0.255
6-MWT distance before CR (m), mean ± SD
400.0 ± 107.4
435.7 ± 98.8
0.226
6-MWT distance after CR (m), mean ± SD
454.4 ± 98.5
490.8 ± 98.5
0.347
6-MWT distance change after CR (m), mean ± SD
54.4 ± 64.7
55.1 ± 59.6
0.600
Peak VO2 before CR (mL × kg−1 × min−1), mean ± SD
18.9 ± 5.1
18.3 ± 3.6
0.686
Peak VO2 after CR (mL × kg−1 × min−1), mean ± SD
20.2 ± 4.6
21.4 ± 4.9
0.468
Peak VO2 change after CR (mL × kg−1 × min−1), mean ± SD
1.3 ± 2.3
3.1 ± 2.5
0.011
Peak VO2% N before CR, mean ± SD
66.8 ± 16.5
60.7 ± 13.9
0.113
Peak VO2% N after CR, mean ± SD
71.7 ± 15.6
70.7 ± 17.1
0.546
Peak VO2% N change after CR, mean ± SD
4.9 ± 7.9
10.1 ± 8.1
0.028
TFC before CR (kOhm−1), mean ± SD
23.0 ± 2.5
31.6 ± 3.2
<0.00001
TFC after CR (kOhm−1), mean ± SD
23.6 ± 3.0
27.6 ± 3.6
0.0001
TFC change after CR (kOhm−1), mean ± SD
0.7 ± 3.0
−4.0 ± 3.5
<0.00001
ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme, BMI: body mass index, CR: cardiac rehabilitation, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, ns: nonsignificant, NYHA: New York Heart Association, peak VO2: peak oxygen consumption, peak VO2% N: peak oxygen consumption as percentage of the normal value, TFC: thoracic fluid content.
