Developmental Effects of Exposures to Environmental Factors: The Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study

Table 4

Association between exposure to lead and tobacco constituents and child cognitive, language, and motor-development-multivariate model.

Biomarkers of exposure	Model 3
	β (95% CI)
	Cognitive	Language	Motor
Cord blood lead level (log transformed)^a
Psychomotor score at 24 months (𝑁=43)	−9.4 (−21.3 to 2.4)
Cotinine level during pregnancy (log transformed)
Psychomotor score at 24 months (𝑁=100)^b			−2.6 (−4.7 to −0.4)
Cotinine level in child urine^c
Psychomotor score at 12 and 24 months combined (𝑛=317)	−0.2 (−0.3 to −0.001)	−0.2 (−0.3 to 0.02)
Psychomotor score at 24 months (𝑁=100)			−0.5 (−0.9 to −0.2)
Cotinine level in child urine^d
Psychomotor score at 12 and 24 months combined (𝑛=159)	−0.2 (−0.5 to 0.06)

aAdjusted for examiner, parental age, parental education, child gender, marital status, child nursery attendance, cotinine level during pregnancy, and within first years of life.
bAdjusted for examiner, parental age, parental education, child gender, and cotinine level within first years of life.
cAdjusted for examiner, age at assessment for combined analysis (one or two years of age), parental age, parental education, child gender, cotinine level during pregnancy, and for cognitive development additionally marital status and child nursery attendance.
dAdjusted for examiner, age at assessment (one or two years of age), parental age, parental education, child gender, marital status, child nursery attendance, cotinine level during pregnancy, and cord blood lead level.