Analytical Methodologies for the Determination of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Biological and Environmental Samples

Table 3

Determination of alquilphenols in biological and environmental samples.

Analytes	Samples	Extraction	Determination	Analytical parameters	Reference
Octyl, nonylphenol ethoxylates, and carboxylates	Wastewater	SPE, LLE	LC-MS^2	Recovery: 21–71%; LODs: 2–29 ng·L^−1	[122]
APs, APEOs, APECs	Surface, wastewater	SPE	LC-MS^2	Recovery: 50–90%; LODs: 1–100 ng·L^−1	[123]
OP, NP, and BPA	Bottled water	—	UHPLC-MS^2	Recovery: 97–106%; LODs: 0.04–0.057 µg·L^−1	[124]
4-t-Octylphenol, 4-nonylphenols, and bisphenol A	Fish liver	ASE	LC-MS	Recovery: 53%; LODs: 5–20 ng·g^−1	[125]
Bisphenol A	Bovine milk	SPE	LC-MS	Recovery: 71–97%; LOD: 0.20 μg·L^−1	[126]
Bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F-diglycidyl ether, and their derivatives	Canned food and beverages	SPE	LC-MS^2	Recovery: 60–95%; MQLs: 0.13–0.6 μg·L^−1; MQLs: 1–4 μg·kg^−1	[127]
Nonionic surfactants	Wastewater	—	LC-QTOF-MS	MDLs: 10–200 µg·L^−1	[128]
APs, AP1-15EOs	Amended soil	PLE	LC-MS	Recovery: 36–110%; LODs: 0.3–30 ng·g^−1	[129]
4-Tert-octylphenol, 4-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, nonylphenol, and bisphenol A	Sea water	DLLME	LC-MS^2	Recovery: 90–108%; MQLs: 0.005–0.03 μg·L^−1	[130]

LC: liquid chromatography; UHPLC: Ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography; TOF: time-of-flight; MS: mass spectrometry.
SPE: solid-phase extraction; LLE: liquid-liquid extraction; PLE: pressurised liquid extraction; ASE: accelerated solvent extraction; DLLME: dispersive liquid-liquid extraction.
MQL: method quantification limit; LOQ: limit of quantification; LOD: limit of detection; IDL: instrument detection limit.
BPA: bisphenol A; NP: nonylphenol; OP: octylphenol; APs: alkylphenols; APEOs: alkylphenol polyethoxylates; OPEOs: octylphenol ethoxylates
PE1C: nonylphenoxy carboxylate; NPE2C: nonylphenoxy ethoxy carboxylate.