Preventive Inositol Hexaphosphate Extracted from Rice Bran Inhibits Colorectal Cancer through Involvement of Wnt/β-Catenin and COX-2 Pathways

Table 2

Incidence of tumor of the IP₆-treated rats with AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis.

Group no.	Treatment	No. of rats	Incidence (%) of adenoma and/or adenocarcinoma
			Adenoma	Adenocarcinoma	Total
1	Normal	6	0	0	0
2	AOM only	6	4/6 (67%)^a	5/6 (83%)^b	5/6 (83%)^b
3	AOM + 0.2% (w/v) IP6	6	3/6 (50%)^c	3/6 (50%)^c	4/6 (67%)^d
4	AOM + 0.5% (w/v) IP6	6	1/6 (17%)^e	2/6 (33%)^f	3/6 (50%)^g
5	AOM + 1% (w/v) IP6	6	1/6 (17%)^e	1/6 (17%)^e	2/6 (33%)^f

Groups: normal, AOM only, AOM + 0.2% (w/v) of IP₆, AOM + 0.5% (w/v) of IP₆, AOM + 1% (w/v) of IP₆, and (IP₆: inositol hexaphosphate, AOM: azoxymethane). Values in the same column with different superscript indicate significant difference by the Tukey’s test (𝑃<0.05). Adenoma is defined as a benign tumor of glandular origin. Adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor originating in glandular epithelium. Total tumor consists of both adenoma and adenocarcinoma in the colon tumor tissue.