Alantolactone Induces Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells through GSH Depletion, Inhibition of STAT3 Activation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Figure 2
Changes in HepG2 cell morphology during alantolactone-induced cell death. HepG2 cells were treated with 40 μM alantolactone in the presence or absence of 3 mM NAC for various time intervals and morphological changes were observed by phase contrast microscopy. (a) control, ((b), (c) and (d)) cells were treated with 40 μM alantolactone for 3, 6, and 12 h, (e) cells were treated with 40 μM alantolactone in the presence of 3 mM NAC for 12 h, and (f) cells were treated with NAC alone for 12 h, respectively. (g) Cells were treated with 40 μM alantolactone as described above and live and dead cells were quantified using fluorescent probe calcein AM and PI as described in Section 2. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (). Columns not sharing the same superscript letter differ significantly ().
