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Bearded capuchins | Cebus |
Baboons |
Apes | Homo |
O | E | O | E | O | E | O | E | O | E |
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Obturator | External iliac | Medial circumflex femoral muscular branches | External iliac | — | Internal iliac | — | External iliac (Pan [24]), internal iliac (50% of Pan [23]), inferior epigastric (Gorilla, Pongo, and 50% of Pan [23]) | — | Originates from femoral as variation [23], profunda femoris, internal iliac [26], and inferior epigastric from 20 to 30% | Iliac branches to fossa iliac and anastomoses with iliolumbar artery [26] |
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Medial circumflex femoral | Obturator artery or external iliac (one case observed)
| Muscular branches, femur head branch, external pudenda | External iliac | Muscular branches | Obturator | — | External iliac (Hylobates [23] and Pan [24]), profunda femoris (50% of Pan [23]), femoral (Gorilla and Pongo [23]) | — | Profunda femoris [23, 24, 26] femoral as variation [23, 26] | Muscular branches [26] |
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External pudenda | Medial circumflex femoral | — | — | — | Femoral | — | Femoral (Pan, unilaterally in Gorilla; [23]) | — | Femoral [23, 26] | Anastomose with branches of internal pudenda artery [26] |
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Femoral | External iliac | Lateral circumflex femoral, inferior epigastric, profunda femoris, popliteal, saphenous, muscular branches | External iliac | Lateral circumflex femoral, profunda femoris, saphenous, popliteal | External iliac | Saphenous, popliteal, profunda femoris, suprema genicular | External iliac [23] | Medial circumflex femoral (Gorilla, Pongo, as a variation in Homo [23]), descendent genicular (Pan, Pongo, Homo [23]), saphenous (all apes [23]), deep circumflex iliac (African apes; [23]), muscular branches [23], superficial circumflex iliac (great apes and Homo [23]), inferior epigastric (Pan, SW and all apes and Homo; [23]), external pudenda (Homo, Pan, Gorilla [23]), profunda femoris (all apes and Homo, except Gorilla, G), popliteal (all apes and Homo, G) | External iliac [23, 26] | Medial circumflex femoral (as a variation), descendent genicular, muscular branches, superficial circumflex iliac, inferior epigastric, external pudenda, profunda femoris, popliteal [23, 26] |
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Superficial epigastric | Femoral | Superficial circumflex iliac | — | — | External iliac | — | Lateral circumflex femoral (Gorilla [23]), femoral (50% Pongo [23]), external iliac (Pan [23]) | — | Femoral [23, 26] | — |
Lateral circumflex femoral | Femoral | Muscular branches, descendent branch, femur head branch | Femoral | Ascendant, descendent, and transversal | Profunda femoris | Ramus descendens | Profunda femoris (all apes, except 50% Gorilla [23]), femoral (Gorilla to ascendant and descendent ramus [23]) | Three branches in Pan and Asian apes, five branches in Pongo [23] | Femoral, external iliac, [24] profunda femoris [23, 24, 26] | Three branches [23, 26] |
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Superficial circumflex iliac | Inferior epigastric | Muscular branches | — | — | Inferior epigastric | — | Inferior epigastric (Pan [24]), femoral [23] | — | Inferior epigastric [24], femoral [23] | — |
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Profunda femoris | Femoral | Muscular branches, perforans (1 or 2) | Femoral | Three perforans branches | Femoral | Perforans | Femoral [23] | Muscular branches, two perforans branches in 66.6% of Pongo, Pan, and Hylobates, three perforans branches in Gorilla [23] | Femoral [23, 26] | Three perforans branches [23, 26], lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries and muscular branches [26] |
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Popliteal | Femoral | Inferior genicular, common tibial, fibular | Femoral | Anterior tibial, fibular, superior genicular, rudimentar posterior tibial, media genicular | Femoral | Anterior and posterior tibial arteries | Femoral [23] | Anterior and posterior tibial arteries in all apes, except Pan that divides into a posterior tibial and a common branch for the anterior tibial and fibular artery, superior genicular branches in all apes and inferior genicular branches in Pan and Hylobates [23] | Femoral [23, 26] | Anterior and posterior tibial arteries, superior genicular and inferior genicular branches, sural arteries [23, 26], middle genicular arteries, muscular branches, cutaneous branches [26] |
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Superior genicular | Saphenous | — | Popliteal | — | Popliteal | — | Popliteal [23] | — | Popliteal [23, 26] | — |
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Inferior genicular | Popliteal | — | — | — | Popliteal | — | Popliteal in Pan and Hylobates [23] | — | Popliteal [23, 26] | — |
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Anterior tibial | Common tibial | Muscular branches | Popliteal | — | Popliteal | — | Popliteal [23] | Muscular branches in all apes, except Pan are terminating as dorsal artery of the foot [23] | Popliteal [23, 24, 26] | Dorsal artery of the foot [23, 26], posterior tibial recurrent, anterior tibial recurrent, muscular branches, perforating branches, anterior medial malleolar, anterior lateral malleolar [26] |
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Posterior tibial | Common tibial | Muscular branches | Saphenous (from popliteal to rudimentaris posterior tibial) | Medial and lateral plantar | Popliteal | — | Popliteal [23, 24] | Calcaneal in great apes [23], medial, and lateral plantar [23, 24] | Popliteal [23, 24, 26] | Calcaneal, medial, and lateral plantar [23, 26], circumflex fibular, nutrient artery of the tibia, muscular branches, perforating branches, communicating branch, medial malleolar [26] |
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Fibular | Popliteal | Muscular branches, calcaneal | Popliteal | — | Popliteal | — | Posterior tibial in Gorilla and Hylobates, anterior tibial in Pongo, popliteal in Pan [23] | Lateral calcaneal, perforating branch in all apes [23] | Posterior tibial [23, 24, 26] | Lateral calcaneal, perforating branch in all apes [23, 26], muscular branches, nutrient to fibula, perforating branches, communicating branch [26] |
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Saphenous | Femoral | Superior genicular, anterior and posterior branches | Femoral | Suprema genicular, anterior, and posterior branches | Femoral | Anterior and posterior branches | Femoral | Dorsalis pedis in great apes [23] | Descending genicular [23] | — |
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Anterior branch of saphenous | Saphenous | Medium branch, dorsalis pedis lateral, 3rd and 4th dorsal metatarsal | Saphenous | — | Saphenous | — | — | — | — | — |
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Posterior branch of saphenous | Saphenous | Medial plantar | Saphenous | Medial and lateral plantar | Saphenous | Medial and lateral plantar | — | — | — | — |
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Medium branch of the anterior branch of saphenous (dorsalis pedis) | Anterior branch of saphenous | Dorsalis pedis medial, 1st dorsal metatarsal, 2nd dorsal metatarsal | Anterior branch of saphenous | 1st dorsal metatarsal | Anterior branch of saphenous | Dorsal | Posterior tibial in Pan, saphenous in great apes [23] | — | Anterior tibial [23, 26] | Tarsal, arcuate, first dorsal metatarsal, cutaneous [26] |
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Medial plantar | Posterior branch of saphenous | To hallux, to second interosseous space, a communicating branch, lateral plantar | Posterior branch of saphenous | — | Posterior branch of saphenous | — | Posterior tibial in all apes [23] | From first to third interosseous spaces in Pan, from second to third ones in Pongo [23] | Posterior tibial [23] | Muscular branches, communicating branch [26] |
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Lateral plantar | Medial plantar | | Posterior branch of saphenous | — | Posterior branch of saphenous | — | Posterior tibial in great apes [23] | Communicating branch [23] | Posterior tibial [23] | Muscular branch [26] |
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