An Investigation of Vocal Tract Characteristics for Acoustic Discrimination of Pathological Voices

<table class="table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="19"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left"> </td><td align="center" colspan="3">F1 mean</td><td align="center" colspan="3">F1 SD</td><td align="center" colspan="3">F2 mean</td><td align="center" colspan="3">F2 SD</td><td align="center" colspan="3">F3 mean</td><td align="center" colspan="3">F3 SD</td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left"> </td><td align="center">Mean</td><td align="center">SD</td><td align="center"><svg height="11.175" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.9375 11.175" width="10.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5
t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" id="x1D443"></path></g>
</svg> value</td><td align="center">Mean</td><td align="center">SD</td><td align="center"><svg height="11.175" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.9375 11.175" width="10.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5
t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" id="x1D443"></path></g>
</svg> value</td><td align="center">Mean</td><td align="center">SD</td><td align="center"><svg height="11.175" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.9375 11.175" width="10.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5
t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" id="x1D443"></path></g>
</svg> value</td><td align="center">Mean</td><td align="center">SD</td><td align="center"><svg height="11.175" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.9375 11.175" width="10.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5
t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" id="x1D443"></path></g>
</svg> value</td><td align="center">Mean</td><td align="center">SD</td><td align="center"><svg height="11.175" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.9375 11.175" width="10.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5
t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" id="x1D443"></path></g>
</svg> value</td><td align="center">Mean</td><td align="center">SD</td><td align="center"><svg height="11.175" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.9375 11.175" width="10.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5
t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" id="x1D443"></path></g>
</svg> value</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="19"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Normal</td><td align="center">676</td><td align="center">79</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">23.8</td><td align="center">23.6</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">1145</td><td align="center">72</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">29.3</td><td align="center">35.6</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">2601</td><td align="center">202</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">66.9</td><td align="center">58.9</td><td align="center"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">Polyp</td><td align="center">560</td><td align="center">108</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">63.5</td><td align="center">58.6</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">1105</td><td align="center">123</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">83.8</td><td align="center">85.3</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">2577</td><td align="center">237</td><td align="center">0.194</td><td align="center">120.2</td><td align="center">102.5</td><td align="center">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Unilateral VCP</td><td align="center">663</td><td align="center">145</td><td align="center">0.320</td><td align="center">117.8</td><td align="center">75.5</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">1210</td><td align="center">201</td><td align="center">0.048</td><td align="center">156.2</td><td align="center">135.4</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">2716</td><td align="center">221</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">134.8</td><td align="center">88.1</td><td align="center">0</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="19"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Comparison of static features between the first three formants of the vowel /aa/ in normal, polyp, and unilateral VCP subjects for males. The term SD indicates standard deviation.

BioMed Research International

tab3

Table 3

Table 3: An Investigation of Vocal Tract Characteristics for Acoustic Discrimination of Pathological Voices 