The Presence of Asthma, the Use of Inhaled Steroids, and Parental Education Level Affect School Performance in Children

Table 1

Characteristics of students with asthma and nonasthmatic control subjects.

Characteristics	Students with asthma	Nonasthmatic control students	𝑃 value
Gender 𝑛 (%)
Male	147 (56.1)	580 (45.4)	0.002
Female	115 (43.9)	697 (54.6)
Birth order 𝑛 (%)
1	123 (46.9)	640 (50.1)	0.639
2	97 (37.0)	470 (36.8)
3	28 (10.7)	117 (9.2)
4	12 (4.6)	39 (3.1)
≥5	2 (0.8)	11 (0.9)
In utero exposure to smoking 𝑛 (%)
Yes	221 (84.4)	1140 (89.3)	0.021
No	41 (15.6)	136 (10.7)
Gestational age (weeks) 𝑛 (%)
<36	65 (25.5)	303 (24.4)	0.494
36–40	176 (69.0)	853 (68.8)
>40	14 (5.5)	84 (6.8)