Research Article
The Presence of Asthma, the Use of Inhaled Steroids, and Parental Education Level Affect School Performance in Children
Table 2
Family characteristics of students with asthma and nonasthmatic control subjects.
| | Characteristics | Students with asthma (%) | Nonasthmatic control students (%) | value |
| | Paternal education (years) | | | | | 0 | 2 (0.8) | 4 (0.3) | 0.010 | | 6 | 40 (15.3) | 144 (11.3) | | 6–9 | 66 (25.2) | 252 (19.8) | | 9–12 | 91 (34.7) | 479 (37.7) | | University level | 42 (16.0) | 201 (15.8) | | Master, PhD | 21 (8.0) | 191 (15.0) | | Paternal smoking | | | | | Yes | 135 (51.5) | 717 (56.1) | 0.144 | | No | 127 (48.5) | 560 (43.9) | | Maternal education (years) | | | | | 0 | 2 (0.8) | 3 (0.2) | 0.132 | | ≤6 | 33 (12.6) | 116 (9.1) | | 6–9 | 51 (19.5) | 207 (16.2) | | 9–12 | 103 (39.3) | 557 (43.8) | | University level | 46 (17.6) | 221 (17.4) | | Master, PhD | 27 (10.3) | 170 (13.4) | | Maternal smoking | | | | | Yes | 115 (43.9) | 505 (39.5) | 0.191 | | No | 147 (56.1) | 772 (60.5) | | Family status | | | | | Engaged | 263 (85.1) | 1150 (90.1) | 0.004 | | Divorced | 34 (11.0) | 86 (6.7) | | Widowed | 8 (2.6) | 37 (2.9) | | Single parent | 4 (1.3) | 3 (0.2) |
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