Cytotoxic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Microalga, Chaetoceros calcitrans, and Its Mechanisms in Inducing Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line

Table 3

Cell cycle progression of EEC treated and untreated MCF-7 (a) and MCF-10A cells (b) after 24, 48, and 72 hours incubation.

(a)

	MCF-7 cells Cell cycle phases (Percentage)
	G0/G1	G2/M	S	SubG0/G1
Control*
24 hours	61.42±0.07	17.12±0.24	22.48±0.19	0.39±0.008
48 hours	63.38±0.43	14.19±0.21	14.67±0.40	1.62±0.11
72 hours	87.17±0.13	1.63±0.04	6.07±0.03	4.53±0.12
IC50-3 μg/mL
24 hours	64.82±0.32	12.93±0.56	21.24±0.30	2.31±0.13
48 hours	44.6±1.37^a	0.01±0.005^a	0.46±0.02^a	55.75±1.25^a
72 hours	27.85±1.26^a	0.02±0.01	0.35±0.02^a	72.75±1.23^a

Values are expressed as mean ± S.E. (Standard Error), μg/mL. (𝑃<0.001, ANOVA).
*Untreated cells were used as a control. ^aSignificant difference with untreated group (𝑃<0.05).

(b)

	MCF-10A Cell cycle phases (Percentage)
	G0/G1	G2/M	S	Sub G0/G1
Control*
24 hours	63.45±1.70	14.16±1.01	17.20±0.75	4.10±0.14
48 hours	62.25±1.39	12.68±0.51	16.10±0.20	4.50±0.08
72 hours	58.12±1.01	11.38±0.29	20.45±1.22	5.00±0.18
IC50-3 μg/mL
24 hours	60.49±1.06	3.84±0.12	16.37±0.22	17.52±0.57
48 hours	53.39±0.69	6.4±0.008	12.25±0.29	27.24±0.40
72 hours	44.76±0.77	5.91±0.21	10.63±0.34	37.18±0.53

Values are expressed as mean ± S.E. (Standard Error), μg/mL. (𝑃<0.001, ANOVA).