Low Serum Concentration of Obestatin as a Predictor of Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Table 1

Comparison between subjects with lower and higher serum obestatin levels stratified by the median of obestatin in the study population (𝑛=94).

	Obestatin	Obestatin	𝑃 for trend
	≤7.12 ng/mL	>7.12 ng/mL
	(𝑛=47)	(𝑛=47)
Demographic and clinical variables
Age (years)	64.6±11.5	65.0±11.6	0.88
Gender (men/women)^1	68.1/31.9	55.3/44.7	0.023
Dialysis vintage (months)^2	28.0 (12.0–47.0)	34.0 (20.0–54.0)	0.21
DM^1	55.3	46.8	0.42
History of CV disease^1	51.1	51.1	0.99
SBP (mm Hg)	139.4±14.6	140.6±20.3	0.75
DBP (mm Hg)	70.4±11.7	69.6±13.6	0.75
Kt/V	1.31±0.25	1.31±0.24	0.90
Dietary intake
Energy intake (kcal/kg/d)	23.6±5.5	22.2±6.3	0.29
Protein intake (g/kg/d)	1.02±0.20	0.95±0.27	0.14
nPNA (g/kg/d)	1.07±0.26	1.01±0.29	0.30
Biochemical markers
Albumin (g/L)	39.3±2.9	39.9±2.9	0.31
Creatinine (µmol/L)	686.9±194.5	691.3±221.0	0.92
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.07±1.0	4.22±0.97	0.46
Transferrin (g/L)	1.69±0.33	1.69±0.32	0.98
TLC (×10^3/mL)	1.70±0.5	1.55±0.4	0.15
Hemoglobin (g/L)	121±11	121±10	0.92
IL-6 (pg/mL)^2	6.3 (3.3–11.6)	6.7 (3.3–10.9)	0.79
TNF-α (pg/mL)^2	15.4 (9.0–32.9)	25.5 (11.7–35.5)	0.10
Leptin (ng/mL)^2	16.2 (5.6–68.0)	23.0 (5.5–93.1)	0.49
Obestatin (ng/mL)	4.20±1.7	10.6±2.4	—
Anthropometric measurements
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.4±5.2	28.7±5.5	0.22
TSF (mm)	16.6±6.2	21.3±7.9	0.005
MAC (cm)	28.0±3.7	30.3±4.3	0.014
MAMC (cm)	22.8±2.9	23.5±2.7	0.22
Bioimpedance analysis
ECW/TBW	0.39±0.05	0.38±0.05	0.56
FMI (kg/m^2)	11.3±4.7	13.3±4.2	0.027
FFMI (kg/m^2)	17.8±2.1	17.7±2.5	0.89
Phase angle (°)	4.9±1.0	5.0±1.0	0.48

Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD or as median with 25th to 75th percentile shown in parentheses in cases of nonnormally distributed data, and categorical variables are expressed as a percentage.
1Assessed by 𝜒² test.
2Compared by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney 𝑈 test.
DM: diabetes mellitus; CV: cardiovascular; SBP: predialysis systolic blood pressure; DBP: predialysis diastolic blood pressure; nPNA: normalized protein nitrogen appearance; TLC: total lymphocyte count; IL-6: interleukin-6; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; BMI: body mass index; TSF: triceps skinfold thickness; MAC: midarm circumference; MAMC: midarm muscle circumference calculated; ECW/TBW: extracellular water to total body water ratio; FMI: fat mass index; and FFMI: fat-free mass index.